{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:44:18Z","timestamp":1787060658694,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Affiliate stigma may cause depressive symptoms among Asian American dementia caregivers, yet few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms or cross\u2010ethnic differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 338 older dementia caregivers (176 Chinese Americans, 162 Korean Americans; mean age 68.8 years) who completed measures of affiliate stigma, social isolation, loneliness, and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher stigma was associated with more severe depressive symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Mediation analyses suggest this effect is partly explained by increased social isolation (12.8% mediated) and, especially, greater loneliness (44.4% mediated) among highly stigmatized caregivers. The stigma\u2013depression relationship was stronger for Korean than for Chinese American caregivers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for interaction\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings identify affiliate stigma as an important risk factor for dementia caregivers\u2019 depressive symptoms, operating through both objective and emotional forms of social disconnection. Culturally sensitive efforts to reduce caregivers\u2019 stigma and social disconnection may improve mental health outcomes in Asian American communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T06:10:15Z","timestamp":1775542215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Stigma, isolation, and depression in Chinese and Korean American dementia caregivers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1898-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunjung","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9470-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia Yin","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7791-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Human Services University of New Hampshire, Durham  New Hampshire New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tek","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Silver School of Social Work New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Hye","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaolin","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Texas at Austin, Austin  Texas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4074-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary S.","family":"Mittelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6891-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2023.2252772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823\u2010008\u20109075\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12191957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010023\u201003735\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"ImC Facts about Asians in the U.S. Pew Research Center. 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