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We emulated two target trials to estimate the effect of (1) new HA prescription and (2) the frequency of HA use on plasma ADRD biomarkers after 7 years using targeted maximum likelihood estimation, with multiple imputation for missing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a median of 2842 individuals (mean 75 years, 48% female) across imputed datasets, and 735 new HA prescriptions. Estimated treatment effects were close to null for phosphorylated tau181, neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and amyloid beta 42\/40. There was little evidence of effect modification (e.g., by apolipoprotein E \u03b54 genotype).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In older people with hearing loss, HA prescription and frequency of use had minimal association with levels of ADRD biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:43:06Z","timestamp":1782272586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of treating hearing loss with hearing aids on plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5276-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lachlan","family":"Cribb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Moreno\u2010Betancur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics Unit Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Sarant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 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