{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:50:49Z","timestamp":1791395449869,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditional instruments assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive complaints are language based and insufficiently capture technology\u2010based ADLs, limiting use among individuals with limited language proficiency or language impairments. We developed the picture\u2010based assessment of subjective deficits in cognition and ADL (Pic\u2010ADL) to address this gap and reflect contemporary everyday functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Pic\u2010ADL is a picture\u2010based self\u2010report questionnaire covering cognitive and ADL complaints, including novel items on digital media. We investigated 243 healthy controls and 70 neurological patients, who completed neuropsychological testing and language\u2010based questionnaires for validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Pic\u2010ADL showed high acceptability, reliability, and validity. Patients with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) reported significantly more difficulties than patients with mild NCD and controls (\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u03b7\n                      <jats:sup>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u00a0.49). Classification accuracy of controls\/mild NCD versus major NCD was 91% (sensitivity\u00a0=\u00a0.83, specificity\u00a0=\u00a0.86).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Pic\u2010ADL demonstrated strong psychometric properties and may be useful in settings where language\u2010based assessment is challenging, supporting improved NCD diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>TRIAL REGISTRATION<\/jats:bold>\n                      : Trial registration number: DRKS00033038 (date of registration: 27.11.2023)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>TRIAL REGISTRY<\/jats:bold>\n                      : German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:36:07Z","timestamp":1782790567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a picture\u2010based tool for subjective deficits in cognition and ADLs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1844-7235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabell","family":"Ballasch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology &amp; Gender Studies Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6305-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronja","family":"Fa\u00dfbender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onur A.","family":"Oezguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5111-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia Felicitas","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3377-5684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM\u20103), J\u00fclich Research Center  J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1090-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0966-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sauerbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2134-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Lambotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8849-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidar S.","family":"Dafsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jutta","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8230-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gereon Rudolph","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM\u20103), J\u00fclich Research Center  J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8603-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Kalbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology &amp; 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