{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:50:47Z","timestamp":1791395447404,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is biologically defined by amyloid beta and tau pathology. Available biomarkers enable early diagnosis but differ in targets, accessibility, and utility. This review synthesizes evidence for plasma biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) to develop a pragmatic, stage\u2010aware framework for early diagnosis and staging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a narrative review of recent literature and professional guidance (2024\u20132026) covering plasma biomarkers; structural\/functional MRI; and amyloid, tau, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. Evidence was organized by biological target, diagnostic role, disease stage, and intended\u2010use population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For symptomatic individuals, high\u2010performance plasma biomarkers (especially phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 [p\u2010tau217]) support scalable triage and biological enrichment. MRI provides anatomical, differential\u2010diagnostic, and treatment\u2010safety information. Amyloid PET offers biological confirmation; tau PET adds regional staging and prognosis; FDG PET characterizes synaptic dysfunction and distinguishes dementia patterns. Emerging endogenously cleaved microtubule\u2010binding region tau containing residue 243 (eMTBR\u2010tau243) and brain\u2010derived p\u2010tau217 remain investigational. In cognitively unimpaired at\u2010risk individuals, routine screening is not implied; use is for research or trial enrichment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The preferred pathway is sequential: clinical evaluation and MRI establish context, validated plasma tests guide referral, and PET resolves uncertainty or refines staging when results may change management. This resource\u2010aware integration improves diagnostic specificity and treatment decisions. Prospective implementation studies are needed to validate thresholds and equitable performance across diverse settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:08:12Z","timestamp":1788253692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From amyloid PET to plasma biomarkers: A multimodal imaging framework for early diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chou","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine The 983rd Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Schichao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Cognition and Brain Science Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1943-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70648"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000209884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association; Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.New guidance for gold\u2010standard imaging tests assists clinicians in diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's and other dementia.Alzheimer's Association; Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Published January 8 2025.https:\/\/www.alz.org\/news\/2025\/updated\u2010appropriate\u2010use\u2010criteria\u2010amyloid\u2010tau\u2010pet"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14297"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2024.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70201"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association.First clinical practice guideline for blood\u2010based biomarker tests in Alzheimer's disease released at AAIC 2025.Alzheimer's Association. 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