{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:50:47Z","timestamp":1791395447957,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leveraging the Longitudinal Aging Study in India\u2013Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI\u2010DAD), we describe the linguistic profile of multilingual older Indian adults and the association of second language (L2) age of acquisition (AoA), proficiency, and daily use with cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0492) completed a language history questionnaire and cognitive battery assessing executive functioning, memory, and language. Models were stratified by education and adjusted for sociodemographic factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While L1s varied, the most common L2 was Hindi. Most participants acquired L2 during childhood and reported high understanding and speaking proficiencies. Acquisition location, language use, and reading\/writing proficiencies differed by education. L2 proficiency was associated with executive functioning among those with (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.09,[0.01,0.19]) and without (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.07,[0.01,0.13]) formal schooling. Early AoA was associated with better language abilities (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.36,[0.001,0.72]) among those without formal schooling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In India, multilingualism is heterogenous across educational levels. Aspects of multilingualism were associated with cognition but differed by educational background.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:41:17Z","timestamp":1788144077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multilingual characteristics and cognition among older adults in India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Arce Renter\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris M.","family":"Strangmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranali","family":"Khobragade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine G.","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Petrosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrikanth","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal Analysis and Interpretation Laboratory University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon M.","family":"Aksman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinkook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Economics University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Status Report on the Public Health Response to Dementia.1st ed.Geneva:World Health Organization;2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(21)00249\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"PattersonC World Alzheimer Report 2018 \u2010 The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers.Alzheimer's Disease International;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"United Nations Multilingual Education: A Key to Quality and Inclusive Learning. 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