{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:51:05Z","timestamp":1791395465054,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009804","name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few studies have investigated how different Alzheimer's disease biomarker definitions affect predictions of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We predicted cognitive decline using 42 biomarker definitions spanning amyloid beta, tau, and neurodegeneration in 383 ADNI participants with baseline neuroimaging and longitudinal cognitive assessments. We identified optimal predictors for each pathology and variable type (continuous, binary, non\u2010binary categorical) using nested cross\u2010validation. Models were compared against support vector machines (SVMs) incorporating brain\u2010wide pathology. In a subsample, we compared imaging\u2010based biomarkers with biofluids (cerebrospinal fluid and plasma).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed substantial variability in accuracy, even for measures of the same pathology. Tau biomarkers were most accurate, performing comparably to models incorporating all three pathologies. Binarization of biomarkers mostly preserved accuracy, while SVMs trained on brain\u2010wide pathology data generally did not improve performance. Imaging\u2010based biomarkers consistently outperformed biofluid ones.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaging\u2010based biomarker definitions are not interchangeable and can influence the assessment of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:11:45Z","timestamp":1790226705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive evaluation of AT(N) imaging biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8671-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Earnest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-4132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Braden","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deydeep","family":"Kothapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0795-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristeidis","family":"Sotiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Institute for Informatics, Data Science &amp; Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis  Saint Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010021\u201001382\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010022\u201001055\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.05.1208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010022\u201000986\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259\u2010020\u201005152\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010021\u201001263\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103956(75)90026\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896\u20106273(02)00569\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bc010c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010006\u20100127\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010021\u201000880\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010021\u201000836\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010019\u20100478\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024068626366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24775-3_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517\u20106161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.10.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.1858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035\u2010023\u201000365\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12797"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment &amp; Disease Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.70480","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dad2.70480","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.70480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:57:13Z","timestamp":1791392233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dad2.70480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dad2.70480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.70480","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8729","2352-8729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8729","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70480"}}