{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:41:34Z","timestamp":1786977694069,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,24]],"date-time":"2003-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mollaret's meningitis (MM) is a rare disease of benign nature characterized by recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination remains the sole diagnostic modality. Eighteen CSF samples from 14 patients were studied along with the clinical data. Specimens were prepared by cytocentrifugation and Millipore filtration and were stained with Diff\u2010Quik and Papanicolaou stains. Eight patients were men and six were women, with an age range of 17\u201374 yr (mean age 37 yr). Most common clinical presentation was recurrent episodes of headaches and photophobia followed by a sustained mild fever lasting 5\u20137 days. The CSF showed markedly increased cellularity with pleocytosis. The differential count showed predominant monocytosis ranging from 84% to 100% (mean 96). In our series, two patients had herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV\u20102) DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the CSF. The monocytes were seen predominantly singly, but three cases showed a strong tendency to aggregate in small groups. Phenotypically, these cells had bean\u2010shaped bilobed nuclei as well as multiple deep nuclear clefts depicting the so\u2010called \u201cfootprint\u201d appearance. In four cases, multiple blunt\u2010tipped cytoplasmic pseudopods were noted. Degenerated monocytes with the appearance of the so\u2010called \u201cghost cells\u201d were noted in one\u2010half of the cases. Background cells were mostly small mature lymphocytes; however, one\u2010half of cases showed a significant amount of plasma cells and\/or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Lysed blood with hemosiderin\u2010laden macrophages and numerous leptomeningeal cells were seen in two cases. CSF examination of MM presents a spectrum of cytomorphologic features. When interpreted in light of the appropriate clinical setting. the latter, although nonspecific, provides an accurate diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes various degenerative, inflammatory\/infectious, and lymphoproliferative disorders of the central nervous system. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:227\u2013231. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,25]],"date-time":"2003-04-25T09:24:14Z","timestamp":1051262654000},"page":"227-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Mollaret's meningitis: Cytopathologic analysis of fourteen cases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Theresa Y.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil V.","family":"Parwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelique Wolf","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Z.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Meningite endothelio\u2010leucocytaire multirecurrente benigne. Syndrome nouveau or maladie nouvelle?","volume":"76","author":"Mollaret P","year":"1944","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198401000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"289","article-title":"Mollaret's meningitis: a case report and literature review","volume":"49","author":"Lee CT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.9.1722"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199203263261313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"1279","article-title":"Is Mollaret's meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2?","volume":"86","author":"Bergstrom T","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410110104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110103251507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840090403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"338","article-title":"Mollaret's meningitis: a case report","volume":"26","author":"Lowe E","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198011000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199611)15:4<345::AID-DC19>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.4.857"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500460091018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"998","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, Bennett's principles and practices of infectious diseases","author":"Gripshover BM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90225-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1998.tb07296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520230084023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90226-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00004"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdc.10261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dc.10261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T19:17:51Z","timestamp":1700248671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dc.10261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dc.10261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.10261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-1039","1097-0339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-1039","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,24]]}}}