{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:15:56Z","timestamp":1700007356125},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,16]],"date-time":"2008-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymic carcinoid tumors (well\u2010differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas) are uncommon anterior mediastinal neoplasms. These tumors are frequently accompanied by other endocrinopathies as part of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome (MEN type I) and by paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome and have a poor prognosis. We present the case of a 24\u2010year\u2010old man who presented for follow\u2010up of thymic carcinoid with extensive bony metastases. He had recently completed radiotherapy to lesions involving his skull and mandible. An ultrasound\u2010guided left\u2010sided diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis was performed yielding 1 l of cloudy yellow fluid. The cytologic fluid preparations consisted of large \u201ccannonballs\u201d and atypical cell groups with salt and pepper nuclear chromatin. A panel of immunohistochemical stains were performed on the cell block material, and the atypical cells were positive for cytokeratin, synaptophysin, and chromogranin, but not for TTF1. These findings were consistent with metastatic well\u2010differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor). This is the first reported case of a carcinoid tumor manifesting as large, spherical, smoothly contoured cell aggregates (\u201ccannonballs\u201d) in a pleural fluid. Despite its rarity, a metastatic carcinoid tumor should be considered when \u201ccannonballs\u201d are found in effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:333\u2013337. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,16]],"date-time":"2008-04-16T19:16:38Z","timestamp":1208373398000},"page":"333-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cytology of metastatic thymic well\u2010differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (thymic carcinoid) in pleural fluid: Report of a case"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Stuart E. 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