{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T10:54:40Z","timestamp":1782989680903,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a precise, cost\u2010effective, and minimal invasive technique for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This study was aimed to analyze clinical and cytological characteristics of EPTB with particular emphasis on pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study analyzing 237 cases of EPTB diagnosed on FNAC. Depending on the presence of necrosis and granulomas, cases were divided into three classes. Association of cytomorphology with positivity for acid\u2010fast bacilli was analyzed by Chi\u2010square test to demonstrate any specific pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Majority of our patients diagnosed as EPTB (73.8%) were young with male\u2010to\u2010female ratio of 1:1.3. The mean age was 23.2 years (age range 9 months to 81 years). The most frequent site involved was lymph node (89.5%) with predilection for cervical lymph nodes (81.4%). The extranodal sites affected were breast, abdominal wall, chest wall, salivary glands, soft tissue, bone, and genitourinary tract. Detailed cytological examination revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation as most common pattern (43%). Acid\u2010fast bacilli were detected only in 43.5% of the cases and bacilli detection was more frequently associated with necrotizing lesions (64.9%). Non\u2010necrotizing lesions showed AFB positivity only in 7.4% of the cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To achieve the goal of tuberculosis eradication, it is essential to understand its different forms of clinical presentation and detailed pathogenesis including host factors, host\u2013pathogen interaction, and molecular mechanisms. Cytomorphological features of the representative lesions might be valuable in providing clues regarding possible pathogenetic mechanisms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:98\u2013102. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T14:54:42Z","timestamp":1449672882000},"page":"98-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology to comprehend the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Shveta","family":"Narang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surender","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College Karnal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lekha","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Cell Science Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Global tuberculosis report2014. World Health Organization. Available onlinehttp:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/137094\/1\/9789241564809_eng.pdf. Accessed on May 4 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199111000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Trends of extra\u2010pulmonary tuberculosis under revised national tuberculosis control programme: A study from south Delhi","volume":"53","author":"Arora VK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063936"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0630"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000189090.52626.7a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(08)60140-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Breast tuberculosis: Diagnosis, clinical features & management","volume":"122","author":"Tewari M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011811-132458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818357.ch29"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdc.23403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dc.23403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T21:27:15Z","timestamp":1695504435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dc.23403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dc.23403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.23403","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-1039","1097-0339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-1039","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]}}}