{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:05:09Z","timestamp":1790111109741,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"FALK Trust (Chicago, IL), the Ratner Foundation (NY, NY), the Cole Eye Institute and a Research to Prevent Blindness unrestricted grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choroidal and ciliary body melanomas divide into two approximately equal groups. Local therapy cures one group while the other metastasizes and proves lethal. Monosomy 3 strongly associates with aggressive behavior. We analyzed a series of choroidal and ciliary body melanomas to describe the cellular features and to compare them to monosomy 3 status using the latter as a surrogate for survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred eleven specimens met the study's inclusion criteria. Following ThinPrep processing, samples were analyzed for cellular features including: cell type, nuclear grade, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and the presence of necrosis and melanin. FISH analysis for monosomy 3 was performed on ThinPrep slides using a threshold of 20% monosomic cells per 200 melanoma cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010two tumors (65%) had a mixed cell type while spindle cell type and epithelioid cell type occurred in 37 (33%) and 2 (1.8%), respectively. Seventy\u2010five tumors (68%) had Grade 2 nuclear atypia. Monosomy 3 occurred in 57 tumors (51%). Significantly more tumors with Grade 3 nuclei had monosomy 3 (79% vs.43%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and metastases (29% vs. 8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). None of the 11 pure spindle cell tumors with Grade 1 nuclei metastasized or had monosomy 3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uveal melanoma has a relatively consistent cellular appearance, characterized by a mixed cell pattern and no more than moderate nuclear atypia. This consistent appearance aids in the cellular diagnosis but limits prognostication using cellular features. Cellular features significantly associate with monosomy 3 status only in the minority of tumors at the extremes of the morphologic spectrum. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:377\u2013383. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T11:16:15Z","timestamp":1455534975000},"page":"377-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Uveal melanoma: An analysis of cellular features and comparison to monosomy 3 status"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"Hamadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Oncology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Oncology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan P.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles V.","family":"Biscotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31418-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"534","article-title":"Detection of genetic prognostic markers in uveal melanoma biopsies using fluorescence in situ hybridization","volume":"8","author":"Naus NC","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14512"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901001)66:7<1596::AID-CNCR2820660726>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77914-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"1919","article-title":"A comparison of prognostic covariates for uveal melanoma","volume":"33","author":"Gamel JW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21145"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72110-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90736-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00449-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492013000200004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0b013e32835c6505"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199705)19:1<22::AID-GCC4>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1460"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8697"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32835ff001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Chromosome 3 analysis of uveal melanoma using fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy at the time of plaque radiotherapy in 140 consecutive cases","volume":"105","author":"Shields CL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14550"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2010.090220"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PDM.0b013e3182595516"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of intraocular malignant melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Czerniak B","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Cytomorphometry of uveal melanoma. 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