{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:23:25Z","timestamp":1755696205720,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Aid for International Development Presidents Emergency Plan For AIDs Relief","award":["674-A- 00-08-00007-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["674-A- 00-08-00007-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV positive women are expected to live longer. The effect of chronic HIV infection and cART on cervical epithelial maturation has not been well studied in postmenopausal woman. The objective of this study was to determine whether HIV positive postmenopausal women on cART show expected atrophic changes in cervical Pap tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maturation index (MI) was performed on routine cervical smears from HIV\u2010infected, postmenopausal women attending an HIV clinic in a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg, over a 4\u2010year period from January 2009 to December 2012.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Pap smears of 111 patients on cART, 58 (52%) showed an unexpected predominantly mature squamous epithelial pattern whereas 53 (48%) were predominantly immature or atrophic (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0001). There was no significant statistical difference in maturation according to cART use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010infected, postmenopausal women in this study had reduced rates of cervical atrophy than expected, irrespective of cART use and CD4 count. Initiation of cART before menopause was associated with greater cervical epithelium maturation than those women who started cART after menopause. Additional, larger studies are required to confirm this novel finding and to investigate the reason for this phenomenon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T07:39:13Z","timestamp":1545896353000},"page":"302-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The relationship between menopausal women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and cervical atrophy: A cytologic study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Services and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Firnhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liron","family":"Pantanowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Michelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Services and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/basics\/statistics.html.Lastaccessed September 2 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publications\/P0302\/P03022017.pdf. 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