{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:52:13Z","timestamp":1747147933994,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005688","name":"Graduate School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nonspecific vaginitis, also known as Bacterial vaginosis, unlike genital candidiasis and trichomoniasis, is caused by microbiome breakdown. D\u00f6derlein\u2019s bacillus are gram\u2010positive bacillus that form a microbiome, reproduce in the female vagina after gaining sexual maturity, secrete lactic acid, and prevent the growth of other vaginitis\u2010causing bacteria. Clue cell are squamous epithelial cells with <jats:italic>Gardnerella<\/jats:italic> sp. attached to their cell surface. The presence of clue cell is one of the diagnostic criteria for nonspecific vaginitis. Additionally, although macrophages are reported to protect against candidal vaginitis, there are no reports of studies examining the association between macrophages and clue cell.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After re\u2010staining 300 class I specimens by cervical cancer screening with Papanicolaou staining, the appearance of D\u00f6derlein\u2019s bacillus, macrophages, and clue cell was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age group and appearance of D\u00f6derlein\u2019s bacillus were negatively correlated. The rate of appearance of macrophages was positively correlated with the age group. In people aged 50\u2009years or more, the appearance rate of clue cells was significantly lower in the macrophage appearance group than that in the non\u2010appearance group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggested that macrophages, and not D\u00f6derlein\u2019s bacillus, may play an important role in defense against nonspecific vaginitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T14:43:19Z","timestamp":1594046599000},"page":"1205-1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The apparition macrophage and D\u00f6derlein bacillus is negatively correlated in class I Papanicolaou smear: A morphological 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Health and Welfare  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Engineering and Medical Technology Niigata University Health and Welfare  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Oite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Engineering and Medical Technology Niigata University Health and Welfare  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21498"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"The vaginal microbial flora in non\u2010specific vaginitis","volume":"1","author":"Piot P","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Microbiol Infect 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