{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:24:55Z","timestamp":1789583095807,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007914","name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipid\u2010laden macrophages detected by Oil\u2010Red\u2010O (ORO) stain in fresh bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens have been proposed as a potential diagnostic marker for E\u2010cigarettes or vaping product use\u2010associated lung injury (EVALI). However, studies are few, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test have not been thoroughly investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed ORO stain on fresh BAL specimens from six confirmed EVALI and 36 non\u2010EVALI patients. After semi\u2010quantitative analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of ORO\u2010positive macrophages (OPM) for detection of EVALI were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No significant difference in cytomorphology or raw macrophage count was observed between EVALI and non\u2010EVALI groups (49% vs 55% of all nucleated cells). However, with ORO stain, all EVALI specimens (6\/6) showed a high percentage (\u226550% of all macrophages) of OPM (mean 87%), and large (\u226525% of host macrophage nuclear size) lipid droplets (mean 42%), while the majority of non\u2010EVALI specimens showed a low percentage of OPM (32\/36, mean 10%), and small lipid droplets (34\/36, mean 6%). The differences between the two groups in both high OPM and large lipid droplet rates are statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001 for both comparisons). The combined sensitivity and specificity of high OPM and large lipid droplets for diagnosing EVALI were 100% and 94%, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In BAL specimens obtained from patients with clinically suspected EVALI, a high percentage of OPM with large lipid droplets showed high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of EVALI and may serve as a potentially useful tool in the evaluation of vaping\u2010related lung injury, improving diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T10:40:45Z","timestamp":1619433645000},"page":"876-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Significance of Oil\u2010Red\u2010O positive macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing E\u2010cigarettes or vaping product use\u2010associated lung injury: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8348-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Parkland Hospital  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glorimar Rivera","family":"Colon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Parkland Hospital  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Molberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Parkland Hospital  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Parkland Hospital  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelley","family":"Carrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Parkland Hospital  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venetia","family":"Sarode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Parkland Hospital  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E\u2010Cigarette or Vaping Products February 2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/severe-lung-disease.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1913069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.282"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Lung biopsy findings in severe pulmonary illness associated with E\u2010cigarette use (vaping)","volume":"153","author":"Mukhopadhyay S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6836e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.2274860"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1912038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2019.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2000231"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"576","article-title":"The lipid\u2010laden alveolar macrophage as a marker of aspiration in parenchymal lung disease","volume":"132","author":"Corwin RW","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201510-674CC"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dc.24760","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dc.24760","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dc.24760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T08:47:14Z","timestamp":1693385234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dc.24760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dc.24760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.24760","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-1039","1097-0339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-1039","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}