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A therapeutic and diagnostic thoracentesis was performed, and cytologic examination revealed atypical mononuclear cells. Based on this, flow cytometry was performed on the pleural fluid, along with immunostains on the cellblock and a next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) panel. A definitive diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T\u2010cell lymphoma (AITL) was made based on demonstrating an atypical T follicular helper cell population expressing CD10, BCL6, CXCL13, CD200, CD57, and PD1, and detection of pathogenic variants in <jats:italic>RHOA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IDH2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TET2<\/jats:italic>. This case represents the first reported case where a primary diagnosis of AITL was made on a body fluid specimen and highlights how immunophenotyping and NGS can provide a definitive diagnosis of AITL on a cytologic specimen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T16:52:43Z","timestamp":1630083163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Angioimmunoblastic T\u2010cell lymphoma diagnosed from pleural fluid by integration of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-6878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California 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