{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T15:04:34Z","timestamp":1773327874716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myxoid neurofibromas (NF) are uncommon, benign spindle cell tumors that originate from peripheral nerve sheaths, often posing a diagnostic challenge due to their hypocellularity on cytology specimens. Distinguishing myxoid spindle cell lesions can be challenging, given the broad range of potential differential diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 26\u2010year\u2010old female with a past medical history of embolized inguinal, flank, and retroperitoneal venolymphatic malformation presented with a left pelvic pain causing significant disability. CT scan showed an extensive 8.7\u2009cm \u00d7\u20096.6\u2009cm retroperitoneal mass. FNA was performed and alcohol\u2010fixed papanicolaou\u2010stained smears showed a hypocellular specimen with loosely arranged clusters of bland spindle cell proliferation in the background of a mucoid matrix. Spindle cells showed scant cytoplasm and elongated oval\u2010shaped regular nuclei. Prominent nucleoli were not seen. An excisional biopsy revealed a bland spindle cell proliferation in a myxoid background associated with shredded collagen bundles. Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse positivity for S100 and CD34. Based on the overall findings, a definitive diagnosis of myxoid neurofibroma was rendered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytological features of myxoid neurofibroma include the presence of hypocellular spindle\u2010shaped cells arranged in small, loosely organized groups within a myxoid matrix background. Cells exhibit scant cytoplasm with regular oval and elongated nuclei. Nucleoli are typically not identified. The differential diagnosis includes myxoid neurofibroma, myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma, myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, low\u2010grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, and low\u2010grade myxo\u2010fibrosarcoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to highlight the importance of considering myxoid neurofibroma in the differential diagnosis of hypocellular myxoid spindle cell lesions encountered on fine\u2010needle aspiration cytology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.25288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T12:39:00Z","timestamp":1708087140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Myxoid neurofibroma masquerading as lymphatic\u2010venous malformation and poses a diagnostic challenge on fine needle aspiration biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Shaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center\/James Cancer Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Iwenofu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center\/James Cancer Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuha","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zofia","family":"Tynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hackensack Meridian Health Mountainside Medical Center  Montclair New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar P.","family":"Sangueza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Virginia Health  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976\u20103147.182768"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"619","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of myxoid lesions of soft tissues: a study of 24 cases","volume":"36","author":"Wong NL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za 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