{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:46:35Z","timestamp":1791229595374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Squamous cells are uncommon in thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNAs) presenting diagnostic challenges. We report our multi\u2010institutional experience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The electronic data were searched for thyroid FNAs containing squamous cells at the Johns Hopkins Medicine, New York University Langone Hospital, United States, and Fimlab Laboratories, Finland (2001\u20132023). The patients' demographics, clinical history, and pathologic diagnosis were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and seven cases (103 patients) were identified 35 males and 68 females (median age 58\u2009years). Forty\u2010eight cases (44.9%) were malignant, primary carcinomas with squamous features, such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and metastatic or directly invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC) including oral, oropharyngeal (HPV\u2010related), esophageal, and laryngeal SqCC. Twenty\u2010seven cases (25.2%) contained benign squamous cells with cystic background, suggestive of developmental cysts. Nineteen cases (17.8%) contained metaplastic benign squamous cells within an adenomatoid nodule. Seven cases (6.5%) contained atypical squamous cells. Four cases (3.7%) showed squamous cells with bacterial or fungal organisms, suggestive of esophageal fistula\/diverticulum, and two cases (1.9%) contained benign squamous cells with unknown source. Thirty\u2010six cases had surgical follow\u2010up, 33 (91.7%) were concordant (23 metastatic or directly invasive SqCC, 8 undifferentiated\/ATC, and 10 papillary thyroid carcinoma). Ancillary studies were used confirming HPV\u2010related SqCC, or therapeutic targets (BRAF V600E), with highly variable staining in ATC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Squamous cells in thyroid FNAs carry a broad differential diagnosis with variable prognoses. It is crucial to interpret squamous cells in the context of clinical and radiographic findings for optimal patient care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.25421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T06:45:12Z","timestamp":1731653112000},"page":"93-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Squamous Cells in Thyroid Cytology and Their Clinical Significance: A Multi\u2010Institutional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1898-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian A.","family":"Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Hospital  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iiris","family":"Harjunp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere Finland and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Hospital  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leili","family":"Mirsadraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine  Mineola New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4089-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Kholov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere Finland and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Hospital  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society \u201cThyroid Cancer Early Detection Diagnosis and Staging \u201daccessed March 13 2024 https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/CRC\/PDF\/Public\/8855.00.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society \u201cOral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer Early Detection Diagnosis and Staging \u201daccessed March 13 2024 https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/CRC\/PDF\/Public\/8765.00.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010016\u20105683\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022\u2010013\u20109257\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14041061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30080562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs","author":"WHO\/IARC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.3362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2020.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2023.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.118266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181ce0e62"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Extensive Squamous Metaplasia in Nodular Goiter\u2013A Diagnostic Dilemma in the Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology\u2013A Case Report","volume":"45","author":"Nayak S. 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