{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:22:50Z","timestamp":1792146170802,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]],"date-time":"2006-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4241,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignancy to involve the liver, occurring as a primary liver sarcoma in patients without an underlying medical disorder, as a metastatic malignancy, and with increasing incidence, as a primary tumor in AIDS patients. A series of hepatic leiomyosarcomas diagnosed by FNA biopsy, including the first reported case in an adult AIDS patient, were reviewed with respect to cytomorphologic features. The series consisted of five men and two women ranging from 24 to 72 years of age. One case was a primary hepatic lesion in a 24\u2010yr\u2010old man with AIDS and six were metastatic from a number of sites (stomach, small bowel, retroperitoneum, vena cava, and seminal vesicle). Two cytologic patterns were identified. Aspirates of spindle\u2010cell leiomyosarcomas (six cases) generally produced hypocellular smears composed primarily of small irregular clusters of cells with blunt\u2010ended, uniform, overlapping nuclei. The differential diagnosis included benign reactive processes and other benign and malignant spindle\u2010cell neoplasms. The aspirate of an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (one case) revealed a second pattern characterized by highly cellular smears with many single polygonal cells having eccentric, malignant nuclei and a characteristic clear quality to the cytoplasm in Papanicolaou\u2010stained material. This epithelial appearance generated a differential diagnosis that included hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, and melanoma. Careful integration of clinical information, cytomorphologic features, and ancillary studies will allow specific FNA diagnosis of hepatic leiomyosarcoma in most cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1994;11:321\u2013327. \u00a9 1994 wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840110403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T03:39:40Z","timestamp":1172115580000},"page":"321-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Fine\u2010needle aspiration cytology of hepatic leiomyosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan F.","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Raab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Towell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim R.","family":"Geisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"719","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: a study of 102 consecutive cases","volume":"28","author":"Whitlach S","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue: a correlative cytological and histological study of 11 cases","volume":"89","author":"Dahl I","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Guides to clinical aspiration biopsy: liver and pancreas","author":"Frias\u2010Hidvegi D.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology of hepatic tumors in adults","volume":"21","author":"Nguyen GK","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pathol Annu"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840020203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830415)51:8<1510::AID-CNCR2820510826>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930240417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts","author":"Craig JR","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90014-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197108000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440230078037"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910515)67:10<2618::AID-CNCR2820671036>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.3.460","article-title":"Smooth muscle tumors in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"90","author":"Mueller B","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"1362","article-title":"Malignant tumours following immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"103","author":"Pritzker KP","year":"1970","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08880019109028809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"791","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and role of immediate interpretation of fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens from various sites","volume":"33","author":"Silverman JF","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of neuroblastoma, including peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, with immunocytochemical and ultrastructural confirmation","volume":"32","author":"Silverman JF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03180260026007","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma in a renal allograft recipient treated with immunosuppressive drugs","volume":"215","author":"Walker D","year":"1971","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"268","volume-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Okuda K","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"142","volume-title":"Clinical cytology","author":"Hadju SI","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Cytology of primary and metastatic uterine sarcomas","volume":"28","author":"Massoni E","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"146","volume-title":"Diagnostic surgical pathology","author":"Sternberg S","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"478","volume-title":"Pediatric surgical pathology","author":"Dehner LP","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840070619"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197807)42:1<336::AID-CNCR2820420151>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"677","article-title":"Embryonal (undifFerentiated) sarcoma of the liver. Fine\u2010needle aspiration cytology and ultrastructural findings","volume":"109","author":"Pieterse AS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"2003","volume-title":"Cancer: principles and practice of oncology","author":"Devita VT","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Pathology of AIDS and other manifestations of HIV infection","author":"Joshi V","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/88.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Liver metastasis","author":"Pickrin JW","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"1097","volume-title":"Principles and practice of surgical pathology","author":"Silverberg S","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Guides to clinical aspiration biopsy: retroperitoneum and Intestine","author":"Suen K.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Cytopathologic aspects of leiomyoblastoma in fine needle aspiration biopsy. Report of two cases","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen GK","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840070118"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdc.2840110403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dc.2840110403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T02:45:49Z","timestamp":1698115549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dc.2840110403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dc.2840110403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.2840110403","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-1039","1097-0339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-1039","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}}}