{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T04:07:11Z","timestamp":1778990831186,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic>nocardiosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , enhance clinicians' understanding of the disease, and explore the clinical value of Next\u2010Generation Sequencing (NGS) in diagnosing pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic>nocardiosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients diagnosed with pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic>nocardiosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      by bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid NGS in our hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 was conducted. The clinical characteristics were analyzed, and their treatment and outcomes were tracked.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) Among the 25 patients with pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic>nocardiosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 10 were male, and 15 were female, aged 38\u201391\u2009years, with an average age of 64.60\u2009\u00b1\u200912.40 and a BMI of 21.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.06\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Six patients had a long\u2010term smoking history, and two had smoked in the past. Six were farmers. Twenty\u2010one patients had a history of underlying diseases, mainly chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchiectasis and COPD. Twenty patients had comorbidities, mainly respiratory failure, hypoxemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, and electrolyte disturbances. (2) The main clinical manifestations were fever, cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, fatigue, and poor appetite. Laboratory tests mainly showed elevated neutrophil percentage, hypersensitive C\u2010reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, and decreased serum albumin. (3) Imaging of the chest revealed bilateral lung involvement in 16 patients, right lung involvement in 8, and left lung involvement in 1. The main imaging features included cavities, consolidation, exudation, and nodules. Bronchoscopy is an important way to obtain BALF. Bronchoscopic findings are nonspecific. They can be bronchial inflammatory changes, viscous secretions in the lumen, occlusion of the lumen, stenosis of the segment, etc. (4) Fourteen cases were identified as\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Nocardia cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , six as\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Nocardia abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , three as\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Nocardia otitidiscaviarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and two as\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Nocardia asteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Twenty\u2010three patients received treatment; six were treated with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (SMX\/TMP) alone, 17 with a combination of sulfonamide and linezolid or other drugs, one was discharged automatically, and the remaining 22 showed improvement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic>nocardiosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      often occurs in patients with chronic respiratory diseases and has nonspecific clinical features, making misdiagnosis easy. NGS can rapidly and accurately diagnose this disease in patient specimens. Early, adequate, and long\u2010term combined therapy based on sulfonamide generally leads to a good prognosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T04:35:02Z","timestamp":1771821302000},"page":"417-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 25 Patients With Pulmonary Nocardiosis Diagnosed by Next\u2010Generation Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4474-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuebo","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan City People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiangqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan City People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan City People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01560-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/134.3.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708816"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"848","article-title":"Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nocardiosis","volume":"14","author":"Fengyu L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.8163"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"745","article-title":"Interpretation of Chinese Metagenomics Second\u2010Generation Sequencing Technology Clinical Application Expert Consensus for Infectious Pathogen Detection","volume":"42","author":"Luo Yue H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hebei Medical University"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Progress in the Application of Metagenomic Next\u2010Generation Sequencing in Infectious Diseases","volume":"31","author":"Xiaoyi H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Microcirculation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","article-title":"Ten Year Review of Pulmonary Nocardiosis: A Series of 55 Cases","volume":"11","author":"Zia K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.12.010"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"2594","article-title":"Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Three Cases of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Complicated With Nocardiosis","volume":"23","author":"Wang X.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese General Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 2 Cases of Nocardiosis and Analysis of 67 Cases in China","volume":"42","author":"Wang L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Chongqing Medical University"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"588","article-title":"Clinical Analysis of 13 Cases of Nocardiosis","volume":"40","author":"Yang H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"2280","article-title":"A Retrospective Analysis of 84 Cases of Pulmonary Nocardiosis From 1979 to 2011","volume":"18","author":"Song X. 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