{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1778990829770,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm, and primary involvement of the thyroid gland is exceedingly rare. TFE3\u2010rearranged PEComas constitute a distinct molecular subset characterized by epithelioid morphology and strong nuclear TFE3 expression. Cytologic descriptions of PEComa are limited, and to date, only three cytologic cases of TFE3\u2010rearranged PEComa or PEComa\u2010like neoplasm have been reported in the literature, none of which involved the thyroid gland. We report a case of thyroid TFE3\u2010rearranged PEComa\u2010like neoplasm in a 25\u2010year\u2010old woman who presented with a palpable thyroid nodule. Fine\u2010needle aspiration using liquid\u2010based cytology revealed a hypercellular specimen composed predominantly of dispersed and loosely cohesive epithelioid cells with enlarged round to oval nuclei, fine chromatin, and frequent intranuclear pseudoinclusions, resulting in an initial interpretation suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Histologic examination demonstrated a well\u2010circumscribed epithelioid neoplasm with pseudoalveolar architecture supported by a delicate arborizing vascular network. Immunohistochemical studies showed tumor cell positivity for TFE3, cathepsin K, desmin (patchy), and vimentin, with negativity for epithelial, thyroid\u2010specific, melanocytic, and other smooth muscle markers, as well as PAX8, CD10, MiTF, and PAS\/PAS\u2010D stains, arguing against metastatic renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma. The patient underwent surgical resection and remains disease\u2010free after 7.5\u2009years of follow\u2010up. This case represents the first description of the liquid\u2010based cytologic features of a thyroid TFE3\u2010rearranged PEComa\u2010like neoplasm. Awareness of this rare entity and its cytologic overlap with papillary thyroid carcinoma is essential to avoid diagnostic pitfalls in thyroid fine\u2010needle aspiration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:10:33Z","timestamp":1773457833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liquid\u2010Based Cytologic Features of a Thyroid\n                    <scp>TFE3<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Rearranged\n                    <scp>PEComa<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Like Neoplasm: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8577-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Ying","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology Chi Mei Medical Center  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng\u2010Tsung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chi Mei Medical Center  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing National Tainan Institute of Nursing  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4935-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee\u2010E","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology Chi Mei Medical Center  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000173232.22117.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0509-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181f17ac0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31824a8a37"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200306000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-022-01428-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2025.111464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2020.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-023-01290-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.70026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-022-01730-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002334"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dc.70108","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dc.70108","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dc.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T04:02:57Z","timestamp":1778990577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dc.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dc.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-1039","1097-0339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-1039","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}