{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:42:10Z","timestamp":1792557730239,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostic Cytopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign cartilaginous tumor composed of myxoid and fibrous components, accounting for approximately 1% of all bone tumors. It typically arises in the metaphysis of long bones, with epiphyseal involvement of the short tubular bones of the hand and foot being uncommon. We report the case of a 14\u2010year\u2010old girl who presented with pain and a gradually progressive swelling of the left great toe, occurring after a fracture sustained 2.5\u2009years earlier. Radiological findings were suggestive of an aneurysmal bone cyst or giant cell tumor. Fine\u2010needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed hypercellular smears comprising pleomorphic oval to spindle\u2010shaped cells along with dense, pink osteochondroid material; the cytological diagnosis was rendered equivocal, and malignancy could not be excluded. Subsequent histopathological examination showed a well\u2010circumscribed tumor with a lobular architecture composed of alternating hypocellular and hypercellular areas of myxomatous stroma and immature cartilaginous cells, confirming a diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma. Although a low\u2010grade tumor, CMF may show nuclear atypia histologically and can mimic chondrosarcoma; distinguishing between the two is of paramount importance to avoid over\u2010diagnosis and unnecessarily aggressive treatment of this benign entity. Complete surgical resection with long\u2010term follow\u2010up remains the mainstay of management, given the relatively high rate of recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.70224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:30:16Z","timestamp":1792557016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytological Findings and Diagnostic Pitfalls of a Rare Tumor Arising From a Rare Site: \u201cThe Story of Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Great Toe\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7054-6805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangita","family":"Bohara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad  Barabanki Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8028-9472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saumya","family":"Brij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad  Barabanki Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5170-1518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Gangwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad  Barabanki Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8211-8444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pooja","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad  Barabanki Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1138-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad  Barabanki Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2004.00200.x","article-title":"Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Bony Lesions","volume":"16","author":"Handa U.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(09)80030-6","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Foot Bones","volume":"34","author":"Wu K. K.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"272","article-title":"Cytodiagnosis of Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Metatarsal Head. A Case Report","volume":"11","author":"Siddiqui B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90058-2","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone: A Clinicopathologic Review of 278 Cases","volume":"29","author":"Wu C. T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.10.2024.068","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Phalanges","volume":"25","author":"Khan L. S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.2.2014302","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma: Radiographic Appearance in 38 Cases and in a Review of the Literature","volume":"179","author":"Wilson A. J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"e7133","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Distal Phalanx of the Great Toe: A Rare Clinical Entity","volume":"12","author":"Vasudeva N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90267-0","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone: Thirty\u2010Six Cases With Clinicopathologic Correlation","volume":"20","author":"Zillmer D. A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00021214","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone","volume":"120","author":"D\u00fcrr H. R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-12-283","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma Management: A Single Institution Experience of 22 Cases","volume":"12","author":"Bhamra J. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Surgical Oncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050051","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Foot","volume":"25","author":"O'Connor P. J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03975.x","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Distal Phalanx of the Great Toe: A Tumor With Unusual Histological Findings","volume":"48","author":"Kim Y. S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pathology International"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2021.04.001","article-title":"Cytopathology of Chondromyxoid Fibroma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature","volume":"10","author":"Wangsiricharoen S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.71873","article-title":"Cytodiagnosis of Chondromyxoid Fibroma","volume":"27","author":"Walke V. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cytology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.22855","article-title":"Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Two Cases of Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone and Review of Literature","volume":"41","author":"Sreedharanunni S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic Cytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840090113","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma: A Fine\u2010 Needle Aspiration Diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Gupta S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diagnostic Cytopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000536459","article-title":"Cytopathology of Chondromyxoid Fibroma: Report of 2 Cases With Immunocytochemical Expression of GRM1","volume":"68","author":"Watabe S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3063-5","article-title":"Chondromyxoid Fibroma\u2010Like Osteosarcoma: A Case Series and Literature Review","volume":"21","author":"Zhong J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"592","article-title":"Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Chondroblastoma and Chondromyxoid Fibroma. A Report of Two Cases","volume":"38","author":"Hazarika D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone","author":"Ostrowski M. L.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2927","article-title":"GRM1 Is Upregulated Through Gene Fusion and Promoter Swapping in Chondromyxoid Fibroma","volume":"46","author":"Nord K. 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