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Malaria, caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>, is by far the most lethal and among the most prevalent of the infectious diseases. Four species of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>) are known to be infectious to humans, and more recent cases of infection due to <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> also have been reported. These species cause approximately 300 million annual cases of clinical malaria resulting in around one million deaths mostly caused by <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>. The rapid emergence of drug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> strains has severely reduced the potency of medicines commonly used to treat and block the transmission of malaria and threatens the effectiveness of combination therapy in the field. New drugs that target important parasite functions, which are not the target of current antimalarial drugs, and have the potential to act against multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> strains are urgently needed. Recent studies in <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> have unraveled new metabolic pathways for the synthesis of the parasite phospholipids and fatty acids. The present review summarizes our current understanding of these pathways in <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> development and pathogenesis, and provides an update on the efforts underway to characterize their importance using genetic means and to develop antimalarial therapies targeting lipid metabolic pathways. Drug Dev Res 71:44\u201355, 2010.\u2003\u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.20347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]],"date-time":"2009-12-09T17:28:42Z","timestamp":1260379722000},"page":"44-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Targeting the lipid metabolic pathways for the treatment of malaria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Choukri","family":"Ben Mamoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean 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