{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T21:22:26Z","timestamp":1769635346799,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:table-wrap position=\"anchor\">\n\n<jats:table frame=\"hsides\">\n<jats:col\/>\n<jats:tbody>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Postmarketing Phase IV<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<\/jats:tbody>\n<\/jats:table>\n\n<\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA\u2010B<\/jats:styled-content>27 (B27) interactions with the killer\u2010cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>), with consistent differences among populations. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DL<\/jats:styled-content>1 and possibly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DS<\/jats:styled-content>1 interact with classical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>27, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DL<\/jats:styled-content>2 binds <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>27 heavy chain dimers. The aim of this review is to summarize data from recent studies performed in our laboratory and from the literature, which provide support for a possible role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DL2\/B<\/jats:styled-content>27 dimer interactions in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>. Recent studies in cells from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> patients and from health controls carrying the predisposing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>*2705 and the nonpredisposing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>*2709 haplotypes, have shown a higher percentage of positive cells and a higher surface expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DL<\/jats:styled-content>2 receptors on natural killer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>*2705 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>*2705, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>*2709 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>27\u2010negative healthy controls. Increased expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>10\u2010reactive molecules on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> monocytes was seen, supporting the possible role of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR3DL2\/B<\/jats:styled-content>27<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> pair in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>. These results underline the importance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and innate immunity, and of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells in the inflammatory pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T08:02:04Z","timestamp":1415433724000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Killer\u2010Cell Immunoglobulin\u2010Like Receptors (<scp>KIR<\/scp>) and <scp>HLA<\/scp>\u2010Class <scp>I<\/scp> Heavy Chains in Ankylosing Spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cauli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit Department of Medical Sciences University of Cagliari  Cagliari 090142 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