{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:34:13Z","timestamp":1770514453739,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,9]],"date-time":"2015-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology of Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal","award":["unrestricted grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["unrestricted grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:table-wrap position=\"anchor\">\n\n<jats:table frame=\"hsides\">\n<jats:col\/>\n<jats:tbody>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Preclinical Research<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<\/jats:tbody>\n<\/jats:table>\n<\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p><jats:p>Psoriasis is an inflammatory systemic skin disease that affects various parts of the body requiring long\u2010term management due to its chronic nature. Available treatment options include topical, systemic or biological therapies, which have long\u2010term limitations associated to toxicity, tolerability and risk for adverse effects requiring its intermittent use and close monitoring. Small molecules modulate proinflammatory cytokines, selectively inhibit signaling pathways and showing potential to treat inflammatory diseases in patients not responding to conventional treatments. Presently, small molecules available are phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors or Janus kinase inhibitors. Other small molecules under development for psoriasis include fumaric acid esters, amygdalin analogs, protein kinase C inhibitors, mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase inhibitors, spleen protein kinase inhibitors, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, sphingosine 1\u2010phosphate receptor agonists, and A3 adenosine receptor agonists. These new treatment options represent important advances in the development of specific drugs to respond to the goals of treatment and improve patient quality of life. Drug Dev Res 76 : 215\u2010227, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T00:53:06Z","timestamp":1439167986000},"page":"215-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Small Molecules in the Treatment of Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Centro Hospitalar do Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Filipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular University of Lisbon  Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543770903029201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.14-1-47"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/980419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of T\u2010cell\u2010mediated inflammation in psoriasis: pathogenesis and targeted therapy","volume":"3","author":"Flatz L","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psoriasis: Targets Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328362c3f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Small molecules: an overview of emerging therapeutic options in the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"18","author":"Gooderham M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1185\/030079908X301866","article-title":"An open\u2010label, single\u2010arm pilot study in patients with severe plaque\u2010type psoriasis treated with an oral anti\u2010inflammatory agent, apremilast","volume":"24","author":"Gottlieb AB","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0443-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/283617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Janssen Biotech Inc.2012. Janssen announces worldwide agreement to develop and commercialize JAK inhibitor for immunological diseases.http:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/janssen-announces-worldwide-agreement-to-develop-and-commercialize-jak-inhibitor-for-immunological-diseases-172182331.html. [Accessed 28 October 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"KaulS HessH JiP LatekR KolliaG XuX WangJ GalbraithS.2008. Anti\u2010inflammatory effects of BMS\u2010582949 a P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor during experimental endotoxemia in healthy male subjects. Abstract 354. Presented at the 2008 American College of Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting San Francisco CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0191-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Progress in Medicinal Chemistry","author":"Menet CJ","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"AB162","article-title":"A phase 2b trial of baricitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis","volume":"70","author":"Menter A","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAm Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2012.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S32713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60642-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-012-0016-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.13.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187153012802002901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"ReichK.2013. Apremilast for psoriasis: ESTEEM 1 Phase 3. Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology March 1\u20105 2013 Miami Beach Florida USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2047","article-title":"Topical TrkA kinase inhibitor CT327 is an effective, novel therapy for the treatment of pruritus due to psoriasis: results from experimental studies, and efficacy and safety of CT327 in a phase 2b clinical trial in patients with psoriasis","volume":"95","author":"Roblin D","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X10381432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI35636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Emerging treatment options for psoriasis","volume":"4","author":"Taheri A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psoriasis: Targets Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-013-0023-0"}],"container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fddr.21263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.21263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T22:01:04Z","timestamp":1760392864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ddr.21263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ddr.21263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.21263","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}}}