{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:35:15Z","timestamp":1761863715197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#5T35RR007071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#5T35RR007071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:table-wrap position=\"anchor\">\n\n<jats:table frame=\"hsides\">\n<jats:col\/>\n<jats:tbody>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Preclinical Research<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<\/jats:tbody>\n<\/jats:table>\n<\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p><jats:p>Transfer Factors (TFs) are low molecular weight (&lt;5,000 daltons) biological response mediators. In the present study, a serum derived TF improved the ability of the recipient animal to survive high\u2010risk infectious challenges (salmonellosis and canine parvoviral enteritis (CPV)) by altering the host's cytokine response profile. Mice mortally challenged with 5,000 colony\u2010forming units of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> experienced a group mortality of 73% while mice treated with a single 5 mg dose of the TF demonstrated a significant decrease in morbidity (7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01). The splenic bacterial load in untreated mice was over 10,000 times higher than that in the TF treated mice. Twenty\u2010four hours post\u2010administration, the treated murine population expressed a rapid temporal increase in serum IL\u20106 (26\u2010fold) and INF\u2010\u03b3 (77\u2010fold) concentrations. IL\u20106 can act as a critical signal regulating action against bacterial pathogens. A comparative double\u2010blind study performed using dogs confirmed to be undergoing a canine parvovirus challenge showed that when conventional supportive therapy was supplemented with a single 5 mg TF dose there was a reduction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01) in group mortality (68% of the TF treated group survived versus 32% of the placebo group), an observation consistent with the observed increase in INF\u2010\u03b3, a cytokine associated with promoting antiviral activity. Drug Dev Res 78 : 189\u2013195, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T04:56:42Z","timestamp":1498107402000},"page":"189-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum Derived Transfer Factor Stimulates the Innate Immune System to Improve Survival Traits in High Risk Pathogen Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Bridget V.","family":"Willeford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Resources and Care, College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS 39762"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trudy","family":"Shapiro\u2010Dunlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collierville Animal Clinic Collierville TN 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