{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T21:04:57Z","timestamp":1788901497840,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:table-wrap position=\"anchor\">\n\n<jats:table frame=\"hsides\">\n<jats:col\/>\n<jats:tbody>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Preclinical Research<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<\/jats:tbody>\n<\/jats:table>\n<\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p><jats:p>Nine known phenolic compounds were isolated from an aqueous methanolic extract of <jats:italic>Acrocarpus fraxinifolius<\/jats:italic> Weight and Arn leaves (AFL) family Fabaceae. This extract of AFL contained approximately 169 mg gallic acid\/g as assessed by HPLC. The AFL extract had marginal antitumor activity (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009&gt;\u2009200 \u00b5L\/mL) but showed a concentration\u2010dependent hepatoprotective effect against CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced hepatotoxicity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Cell viability was increased, ALT and AST activity declined and reduced GSH concentration and SOD activity were restored as compared with silymarin. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> concurrent administration of AFL extract (500 mg\/kg po) showed a hepatoprotective effect against gamma irradiation and CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> as evidenced by reduction of TNF\u2010\u03b1, interleukin\u20106, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, DNA fragmentation, caspase\u20103 activity, and downregulation of its m\u2010RNA level and decreased proapoptotic protein Bax expression. AFL extract enhanced glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, reduced glutathione concentrations and upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl\u20102. The extract could ameliorate hepatic injuries induced by gamma irradiation and CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in rats suggesting potent hepatoprotective activity. Drug Dev Res 78 : 210\u2013226, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T01:02:42Z","timestamp":1500858162000},"page":"210-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Phytochemical Investigation, Antitumor Activity, and Hepatoprotective Effects of <i>Acrocarpus fraxinifolius<\/i> Leaf Extract"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Heba A. S.","family":"El\u2010Nashar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0972-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omayma A.","family":"Eldahshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omama E.","family":"Elshawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Radiation Research Department National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Nasser B.","family":"Singab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2012\/1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1320900"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1125933"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0420-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method of the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler EO","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90093-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16021854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498259409043238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Mushroom attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis induced by irradiation enhanced carbon tetrachloride in rat model","volume":"3","author":"El Shawi OE","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biosci Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic compounds of carob leaves grown in Egypt","volume":"3","author":"Eldahshan OA.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Res J Biol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Potential antioxidant phenolic metabolites from doum palm leaves","volume":"3","author":"Eldahshan OA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Anti\u2010inflammatory effect of apigenin\u20107\u2010neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) in carrageenin\u2010induced rat oedema model","volume":"2","author":"Eldahshan OA","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAPS"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"El\u2010NasharHAS EldahshanOA SingabAN.2015. The tribe caesalpinieae (fabaceae): an updated review on pharmacological aspects. Med Aromat Plants4:215."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"472","article-title":"Combination treatment ofinterferon a\u20102b and ribavirin in comparison to interferonmonotherapy in treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 patients","volume":"31","author":"El\u2010Zayadi A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9024300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Chemical and biological studies of the methanolic extract of primula elatior seeds","volume":"32","author":"Fouad MA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull Pharm Sci Assiut University"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.039818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJPR\/2014\/5020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"3781","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic acid attenuates CCL4\u2010induced hepatocyte apoptosis in rats via a p53\u2010mediated pathway","volume":"19","author":"Guo XL","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580903191585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"990","article-title":"Shark cartilage attenuates oxidative stress in the liver of guinea pigs exposed to carbon tetrachloride and\/or gamma irradiation","volume":"2","author":"Ibrahim NK","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rad Res Appl Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of pomegranate (Punica Granatum) fruit juice and seed extracts against CCl4\u2010induced toxicity","volume":"8","author":"Jamshidzadeha A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of water extract from Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower","volume":"4","author":"Jeong SC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(88)90554-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550060302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real\u2010time quantitative PCR and 22 DDCT","volume":"25","author":"Kenneth RI","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18054876"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01234480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-10-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"HCV and associated concomitant infections at Sharkia governorate, Egypt","volume":"34","author":"Mangoud AM","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.3.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2005.06.035","article-title":"Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography in serum and liver as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Application to a rat model for hypercholesterolemia and evaluation of the effect of diets rich in phenolic antioxidants from fruits","volume":"827","author":"Mateos R","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"619","volume-title":"The flavonoids: advances in research since 1986","author":"Middleton JR","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(79)90211-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.2000.0319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21070901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"860","article-title":"Polyphenols in Ammania auriculata: structures, antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity","volume":"69","author":"Nawwar MA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2010.501084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.7.1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.139200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte peroxidase","volume":"70","author":"Paglia DE","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140815931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/837939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/761264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-1978(94)00071-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrt199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01357-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CANC.0000031769.14728.bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7237-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(00)00098-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196411000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2011.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Bromobenzene: a hepatotoxin. Int","volume":"5","author":"Vedi M","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drug Dev Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0516-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-82502011000100010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Survey of medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Hawzen district, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Yirga G","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Biodivers Conserv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.04.019"}],"container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fddr.21395","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.21395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:38:12Z","timestamp":1760402292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ddr.21395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ddr.21395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.21395","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]}}}