{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:17:21Z","timestamp":1790702241379,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008519","name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008519","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that has afflicted mankind for thousands of years, but in the last seven decades, much progress has been made in anti\u2010TB therapy. Early drugs, such as para\u2010aminosalicylic acid, streptomycin, isoniazid, and rifamycins were very effective in combatting the disease, giving rise to the hope that TB would be eradicated from the face of the earth by 2010. Despite that optimism, TB continues to kill more than a million people annually worldwide. A major reason for our inability to contain TB is the emergence drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. This commentary is based on our recent publication on the structure of l<\/jats:sc>,d<\/jats:sc>\u2010transpeptidase enzyme, relevant to drug resistance. As a background, we briefly outline the history and development of anti\u2010TB therapy. Based on the crystal structure, we suggest a potential direction for designing more potent drugs against TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T17:47:31Z","timestamp":1539366451000},"page":"11-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> and targeting the l,d<\/scp>\u2010transpeptidase enzyme"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Kuppan","family":"Gokulan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Physiology & Biophysics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas"},{"name":"The Division of Microbiology National Center for Toxicological Research, US\u2010FDA Jefferson Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0880-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kottayil I.","family":"Varughese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Physiology & Biophysics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/31159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2005.00002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00090-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01658-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-018-0193-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.5.1348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00029a030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01792076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"953","article-title":"Twenty years afterward historical notes on the discovery of the antituberculosis effect of paraaminosalicylic acid (pas) and the first clinical trials","volume":"90","author":"Lehmann J.","year":"1964","journal-title":"The American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.07.029"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"875","article-title":"Biosynthesis in the bacterial cell wall","volume":"11","author":"Matsuhashi M.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00025-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.259150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(69)90371-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.1998.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"The forgotten plague: how the battle against tuberculosis was won and lost","author":"Ryan F.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Etudes Sur la tuberculose: Preuves rationnelles et experimentales de sa specificite et de son inoculabilite","author":"Villemin J. 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