{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:46:19Z","timestamp":1777502779146,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005712","name":"University of Jordan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the quest for discovering potent antimicrobial agents with lower toxicity, we envisioned the design and synthesis of nalidixic acid\u2010<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\u2010(+)\u2010glucosamine conjugates. The novel compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Cytotoxicity using MTT assay over L6 skeletal myoblast cell line, ATCC CRL\u20101458 was carried out. In vitro antimicrobial assay revealed that 1\u2010ethyl\u20107\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010oxo\u2010N\u2010(1,3,4,6\u2010tetra\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl\u20102\u2010deoxy\u2010<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucopyranose\u20102\u2010yl)\u2010[1,8]\u2010naphthyridine\u20103\u2010carboxamide <jats:bold>(5)<\/jats:bold> and 1\u2010ethyl\u20107\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010oxo\u2010N\u2010(2\u2010deoxy\u2010<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucopyranose\u20102\u2010yl)\u2010[1,8]\u2010naphthyridine\u20103\u2010carboxamide<jats:bold>(6)<\/jats:bold> possess growth inhibitory activity against resistant <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> NCTC, 11954 (MIC 0.1589\u2009mM) and Methicillin resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> ATCC, 33591 (MIC 0.1589\u2009mM). Compound <jats:bold>(5)<\/jats:bold> was more active against <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> ATCC 19115 (MIC 0.1113\u2009mM) in comparison with the reference nalidixic acid (MIC 1.0765\u2009mM). Interestingly, compound <jats:bold>(6)<\/jats:bold> had potential antifungal activity against <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> ATCC 10231 (MIC &lt;0.0099\u2009mM). Remarkably, the tested compounds had low cytotoxic effect. This study indicated that glucosamine moiety inclusion into the chemical structure of the marketed nalidixic acid enhances antimicrobial activity and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T09:06:57Z","timestamp":1545296817000},"page":"179-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,8\u2010naphthyridine glucosamine conjugates as antimicrobial agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Aya A. M.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghadeer A. R. Y.","family":"Suaifan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayadah B.","family":"Shehadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick N.","family":"Okechukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Synthesis of some newer nalidixic acid derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents","volume":"2","author":"Assaleh F. 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