{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:41:40Z","timestamp":1760388100119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Engineering & Research Board, New Delhi, India","award":["YSS\/2014\/000106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSS\/2014\/000106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent trends in immunotherapy have shown enthusiasm in exploring Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) for designing therapeutical interventions against numerous deadly diseases. TLRs are subfamily of pathogen recognition receptor playing pivotal role in innate immunity. TLR9 is one such critical member belonging to intracellular TLRs which is associated with mounting inflammatory response in response to intruders. Explorative studies have shown CG motifs from the prokaryotic origin as activators of TLR9 culminating in the expression of NF\u03baB. These CG rich short stranded DNA sequences have been further delineated into different classes based on their structural specificities and immunomodulatory properties. Here we discuss the progress of how activation of TLR9 can be utilized with novel parasitic CpG islands to function as potential adjuvants specifically against protozoan parasitic diseases primarily visceral leishmaniasis caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T09:37:02Z","timestamp":1585215422000},"page":"222-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impelling <scp>TLR9<\/scp>: Road to perspective vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Rohit Kumar","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Integral University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chhedi Lal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Integral University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preeti","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Integral University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Development of nonaggregating poly\u2010a tailed immunostimulatory a\/D type CpG oligodeoxynucleotides applicable for clinical use","author":"Aoshi T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2010.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324128"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1386"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2018.1559098"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401545"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319268111"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930497","article-title":"Effects of sizofiran on endotoxin\u2010enhanced cold ischemia\u2010reperfusion injury of the rat liver","volume":"53","author":"Kukan M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.06.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302240"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/oli.2008.0145"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.04.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094596"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0611937"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01090-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.v1.i1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","unstructured":"WHO.Leishmaniasis: WHO Fact Sheet Last updated on March 14 2019 2019. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis."}],"container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fddr.21662","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.21662","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ddr.21662","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.21662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:02:25Z","timestamp":1760385745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ddr.21662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ddr.21662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.21662","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0272-4391"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-2299"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}