{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:08:52Z","timestamp":1792627732443,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University General Hospital","award":["SUGH2018QD018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUGH2018QD018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ginsenoside Rg3, a ginsenoside isolated from <jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic>, can regulate autophagy via AMP\u2010activated protein kinase\/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK\/mTOR) signaling pathway. AMPK\/mTOR signaling and autophagy have been reported to be involved in osteogenesis. Here, the effect of Rg3 on ovariectomy (OVX)\u2010induced osteoporosis is explored. In vivo, rats were treated with 20\u2009mg\/kg Rg3 after OVX and the body weight (BW) was monitored. Bone mineral density (BMD), hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining of femur tissues, osteogenesis, autophagy, and AMPK\/mTOR signaling were analyzed. In vitro, MC3T3\u2010E1 cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 100\u2009\u03bcmol\/L Rg3. 10 and 20\u2009\u03bcmol\/L Rg3, which had no significant effect on cell viability and significantly affected AMPK\/mTOR signaling, were chosen for further analysis. Then osteogenic differentiation was induced with Rg3 or\/and AMPK inhibitor (Compound C). AMPK\/mTOR signaling, autophagy, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization by Alizarin Red staining were analyzed. The expression or activity of AMPK\/mTOR signaling\u2010related proteins, autophagy markers, and osteogenesis markers was measured by western blotting or commercial kits, and cell viability by cell counting kit\u20108 assay kits. Rg3 significantly alleviated OVX\u2010induced BW increases, BMD declines and histological changes of femur tissues, promoted osteogenesis, autophagy, and AMPK signaling, but inhibited mTOR signaling in vivo. Moreover, Rg3 significantly enhanced AMPK signaling, autophagy, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization, but suppressed mTOR signaling in vitro. However, Compound C significantly reversed Rg3\u2010induced alterations in vitro, indicating that Rg3 regulated autophagy, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization via AMPK\/mTOR signaling. Hence, it was speculated that Rg3 might attenuate OVX\u2010induced osteoporosis via AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T13:10:54Z","timestamp":1592399454000},"page":"875-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates ovariectomy\u2010induced osteoporosis via <scp>AMPK<\/scp>\/<scp>mTOR<\/scp> signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Shenzhen University General Hospital  Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University  Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenglan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolism Shenzhen University General Hospital  Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Shenzhen University General Hospital  Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Shenzhen University General Hospital  Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of 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