{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T11:42:23Z","timestamp":1760355743312,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune arthritis disease with a genetic background, affecting the skeletal axis, sacroiliac, and peripheral joints. Nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first\u2010line treatment for AS to alleviate the inflammation and pain. Despite the beneficial effect, their use is accompanied by a wide variety of possible side effects in the gastrointestinal and kidneys. The \u03b1\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010guluronic acid (G2013) is a new nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory patented (PCT\/EP2017\/067920) drug, which has shown its anti\u2010inflammatory properties in the previous investigations. The present study revealed the oral administration effect of G2013 on COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 gene expression in AS patients. The blood samples of twelve 18\u201345\u2009years old patients suffering AS and BASDAI &gt;4, and BASFI &gt;4, before and after 12\u2009weeks of treatment with G2013 and 12 blood samples of healthy volunteers were collected and the effect of G2013 on the gene expression of COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 enzymes were assessed by Real\u2010Time PCR. The results indicate that G2013 is able to reduce the gene expression level of COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 enzymes in treated AS patients compared to healthy control. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the treatment and the healthy control groups. According to the findings, G2013 might be categorized and introduced as a novel NSAID for the treatment of AS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T01:42:13Z","timestamp":1604367733000},"page":"296-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of the oral administration of \u03b1\u2010<scp>l<\/scp>\u2010guluronic acid on COX\u20101 and <scp>COX<\/scp>\u20102 gene expression profile in ankylosing spondylitis patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5560-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Sadoughi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Nazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Mirshafiey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Research center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-014-0392-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3020723"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of G2013 as a novel immunosuppressive agent on differentiation, maturation and function of human dendritic cells","volume":"46","author":"Arjomand Fard N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<58::AID-ART8>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162468699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60900-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570163815666180226093711"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"G2013 modulates TLR4 signaling pathway in IRAK\u20101 and TARF\u20106 dependent and miR\u2010146a independent manner","volume":"62","author":"Hajivalili M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy\u2010le\u2010Grand, France)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12154-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-017-0386-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2018.1555844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"CD010952","article-title":"Non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and non\u2010radiographic axial spondyloarthritis)","volume":"7","author":"Kroon F. 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