{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T21:32:43Z","timestamp":1778880763116,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1132975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1132975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 pandemic has been the deadliest infectious disease outbreak since Spanish flu. The emerging variant lineages, decay of neutralizing antibodies, and occur of reinfections require the development of highly protective and safe vaccines. As currently approved COVID\u201019 vaccines that utilize virus\u2010related genetic material are less than ideal, other vaccine types have been also widely investigated. Among them, peptide\u2010based vaccines hold great promise in countering COVID\u201019 as they may overcome most of the shortcomings of RNA\/DNA and protein vaccines. Two basic types of potential peptide vaccines can be developed. The first type are those which rely on cytotoxic T\u2010cell (CTL) responses to kill infected host cells and stop the replication via employing CTL\u2010epitopes as vaccine antigens. The second type of peptide vaccines are those that rely on B\u2010cell peptide epitopes to trigger humoral response via generating SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific antibodies to neutralize and\/or opsonize the virus. We propose that combining both cellular and humoral immune responses would be highly protective. Here we discuss opportunities and challenges in the development of an effective and safe peptide\u2010based vaccine against COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T07:34:59Z","timestamp":1656142499000},"page":"1251-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The potential of developing a protective peptide\u2010based vaccines against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3819-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"Shalash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-807X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Skwarczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01505-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107659"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04232-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30783-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2571-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269964820000625"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2027051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108666"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortaz E. Tabarsi P. Varahram M. Folkerts G. &Adcock I. 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