{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:30:26Z","timestamp":1791923426062,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The emergence of antibiotic\u2010resistant bacterial infections is a principal threat to global health. Functionalization of nanomaterial with antibiotics is known as a useful method for increasing the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. In this study, vancomycin\u2010functionalized ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nanocomposite (ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>@Cell@APTES@Van) was synthesized, and its functional groups and particle size were characterized using Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The antibacteria activity of the synthesized nanocomposite was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA). Cytotoxicity assay was done by 2,3\u2010bis\u2010(2\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010nitro\u20105\u2010sulfophenyl)\u20102H\u2010tetrazolium\u20105\u2010carboxanilide\u00a0method. Characterization analyses of synthesized nanocomposite confirmed the binding of vancomysin on the surface of ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>@Cell@APTES. Nanocomposite exhibited an aggregated semi\u2010spherical structure with hydrodynamic radii of \u223c382\u2009nm. In vitro antibacterial activity test showed that vancomycin and vancomycin functionalized ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> have no antibacterial effect against <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was sensitive to vancomycin and ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>@Cell@APTES@Van NPs and ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs did not improve vancomycin antibacterial activity against these bacteria. <jats:italic>MRSA<\/jats:italic> is resistant to vancomycin while ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>@Cell@APTES@Van NPs was efficient in inhibiting <jats:italic>MRSA<\/jats:italic> growth. In summary, this study showed that attachment of vancomycin to ZnFe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs was increased its antibacterial activity against MRSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.22148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:59:37Z","timestamp":1705625977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design and synthesis of vancomycin\u2010functionalized ZnFe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub> nanoparticles as an effective antibacterial agent against methicillin\u2010resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Minoo","family":"Akbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanobiotechnology and Biomimetics, Faculty of Life Science Engineering, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology University of Tehran  Tehran 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