{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:05:33Z","timestamp":1790348733610,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one of the most aggressive malignancies globally, is characterized by poor prognosis and limited life expectancy. Epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol found in green tea, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent due to its potent antitumor properties. However, the role and the underlying mechanisms of EGCG in NSCLC remain poorly understood. Hence, this research aimed to explore the effect of EGCG on the antitumor effect of apatinib in NSCLC through\u00a0vascular endothelial growth factor\u00a0(VEGF)\u2010regulated glycolysis. Cell Counting Kit\u20108 (CCK\u20108), 5\u2010ethynyl\u20102'\u2010deoxyuridine staining, wound healing, transwell, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick\u2010end labeling, and flow cytometry assays were carried out to evaluate the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of H1299 cells, respectively. Furthermore, western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of VEGF, p\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor receptor\u20102, hypoxia\u2010inducible factor 1\u03b1, neuropilin\u20101, phosphorylated\u2010phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase, and phosphorylated\u2010AKT. The transfection efficiency of H1299 cells with VEGF overexpression plasmid was also assessed by western blot analysis. Glycolysis was analyzed by estimating extracellular acidification rate, lactate concentration, glucose uptake, and the expressions of lactate dehydrogenase A, pyruvate kinase M2, and hexokinase 2. The results demonstrated that VEGF activated glycolysis in NSCLC cells. EGCG alone and apatinib alone or in combination inhibited cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration, and glycolysis whereas promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. EGCG regulated glycolysis levels in NSCLC through VEGF overexpression, and enhanced the antitumor effect of apatinib in NSCLC through VEGF\u2010regulated glycolysis. Taken together, EGCG strengthened the protective effects of apatinib in NSCLC through glycolysis mediated by VEGF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.22239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T01:00:09Z","timestamp":1728867609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["EGCG enhances antitumor effect of apatinib in nonsmall cell lung cancer by targeting VEGF signaling to inhibit glycolysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7195-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Guizhou University Guiyang China"},{"name":"Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guizhou University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Guizhou University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Guizhou University Guiyang China"},{"name":"Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guizhou University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danxue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Guizhou University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Guizhou University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-019-00455-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01374-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2011.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-1533-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.782065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01088-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2017_109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.25370"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"EGCG decreases the expression of HIF\u20101\u03b1 and VEGF and cell growth in MCF\u20107 breast cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"Luo H. 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