{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1776092923828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The central nervous system is affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune illness characterized by axonal destruction, demyelination, and inflammation. This article summarizes the state of the field, highlighting its complexity and significant influence on people's quality of life. The research employs a network pharmacological approach, integrating systems biology, bioinformatics, and pharmacology to identify biomarkers associated with MS. Utilizing <jats:italic>Nelumbo Nucifera<\/jats:italic> (Lotus) seeds, the study involves toxicity assessments, biomolecule screening, and target prediction. Advanced computational methodologies are employed, including molecular docking and dynamic simulations, to assess potential therapeutic interactions. Biomolecule screening identifies eight active compounds from Lotus seeds, including Anonaine and Liriodenine. Target prediction reveals 264 common targets with MS\u2010related genes. Protein\u2010protein interaction analysis establishes a complex network, identifying central targets like SRC and AKT1. Bioinformatics enrichment analysis uncovers potential therapeutic candidates and pathways. A Biomolecule\u2010Target\u2010Pathway network diagram visualizes interactions, with Anonaine and Liriodenine exhibiting strong binding affinities in molecular docking studies. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into dynamic interactions. In conclusion, through advanced computational techniques, it unveils molecular interactions, potential therapies, and pathways, bridging predictions with practical applications. Anonaine and Liriodenine show promise in curbing MS biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T14:35:07Z","timestamp":1736087707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bioinformatics Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Lotus Seed Compounds in Multiple Sclerosis: A Network Analysis of c\u2010Jun Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Rapuru","family":"Rushendran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM College of Pharmacy Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankul","family":"Singh S.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rukaiah Fatma","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University Mathura India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vellapandian","family":"Chitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM College of Pharmacy Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nemat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhupendra G.","family":"Prajapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ganpat University Mehsana India"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus Silpakorn University Nakhon Pathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00661"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1935933"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202000422"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030649"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102154"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04710-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04710-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2022.108398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013647.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1667-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1826299"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117123"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112891"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53429-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.27838"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116823"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S240861"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2016.4867"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.245462"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.17341"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02213-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00745-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0146-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134274"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00800-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-014-8298-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(22)00289-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.990307"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18078257"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2222828"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"In\u2010Silico Analysis of the Inhibitory Activities of Novel Azo Derivatives of Benzimidazole on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"1","author":"Mounika G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"DPRE"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104636"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234419"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029058"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2015.54.S4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578152"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70933-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20565623.2024.2428119"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2024.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-022-01229-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-021-00401-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-023-00478-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020315"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1068162023060195"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(21)00170-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086936"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206117"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155258"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.757584"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172996"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-019-01368-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116306"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x21500877"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02248-5"}],"container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.70038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T02:41:33Z","timestamp":1760409693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ddr.70038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ddr.70038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.70038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70038"}}