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Therefore, we designed a novel topical compound gel loading minoxidil and Janus kinases (JAK) inhibitors tofacitinib. The compound gel not only had good semi\u2010solid properties and the effect of permeation but also maintained stability for up to 3 months under accelerated conditions, ensuring the long\u2010term quality of the formulation. This compound gel can effectively improve hair follicle growth and significantly alleviate local inflammatory response by downregulation of the ratio of inflammatory factor interferon\u2010\u03b3 to anti\u2010inflammatory factor interleukin\u20104 in C3H\/HeN mice bearing AA, achieving the purpose of synergistic treatment of AA. The first combination of minoxidil and tofacitinib in a topical formulation gives a new idea for the clinical treatment of AA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T02:40:51Z","timestamp":1742352051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Novel Topical Compound Gel Loading Minoxidil and Tofacitinib for Treatment of Alopecia Areata: Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro\/In Vivo Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Changsha Jingyi Pharmaceutical Technology Co. 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