{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:16:33Z","timestamp":1787987793860,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":214,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is a pivotal enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L\u2010tyrosine to dopaquinone through a dual oxidation process, initiating melanin biosynthesis. Melanin plays a critical role in various biological processes, and its overproduction is associated with multiple conditions. Tyrosinase plays a crucial role in immune regulation by regulating the activity of immune cells and enhancing the immune response of the body. It is essential for maintaining skin health and preventing autoimmune diseases. In addition, tyrosinase has shown potential in immunotherapy, especially in the treatment of malignant melanoma and autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo. Inhibiting tyrosinase to reduce melanin synthesis has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy with applications in skin whitening, melasma treatment, acne management, Parkinson's disease (PD) intervention, melanoma prevention, and overcoming immunotherapy resistance. By leveraging the tyrosinase\u2010related comprehensive data documented in the BRENDA database, we have systematically summarized the effective information, including its classification, structural characteristics, catalytic functions, biosynthesis pathways, substrate specificity profiles, reaction products, and associated disease mechanisms, and so forth. This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic mechanisms, development history, and current clinical status of tyrosinase inhibitors at preclinical and advanced stages. We highlight recent research progress, focusing on evidence from animal models, preclinical studies, and human clinical trials across different indications. Additionally, we critically analyze the challenges and limitations in the field and provide insights into future directions for optimizing tyrosinase inhibitors. By synthesizing current knowledge and advancements, this review aims to underscore the therapeutic potential of tyrosinase inhibition and its role in addressing diverse medical needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T10:02:15Z","timestamp":1750068135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Clinical Investigation of Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baichen","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5109-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haopeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.05.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.12.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470871628.ch17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_657_2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03639049109026630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Bian F. C.Si G.Yu T.Duan andL.Li. nd. \u201cComposition Useful for e.g. Whitening and Brightening Skin Improving Abnormal Pigmentation and Removing Freckle Comprises e.g. Nonapeptide\u20101 4\u2010n\u2010butylresorcinol Glycerol Propylene Glycol and Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogenated Castor Oil.\u201d CN112957272\u2010A."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70065-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202200215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Vitiligo and Antibodies to Melanocytes","volume":"256","author":"Bystryn J. C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08858-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(200003)182:3<323::AID-JCP2>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190913122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.18.8125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Chevalier V. D. M.Pham andD.Pham. nd.Composition for Depigmenting or Bleaching Human Skin Furs or Hair Containing Combination of N\u2010Cholesteryloxycarbonyl\u20104\u2010Aminophenol and Hydroquinone (or Derivative) Having Synergistic Tyrosinase Inhibiting Activity. FR2804866\u2010A1; JP2001240511\u2010A; US2001036446\u2010A1; US6960347\u2010B2."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581813507721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Effect of Hydroquinone Derivatives on Tyrosinase Activity Invitro","volume":"31","author":"Dourmishev A. L.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dokladi Na Bolgarskata Akademiya Na Naukite"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00144.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.2020.4959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2008.00522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.20150444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.39.4.353.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2007.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar990019a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2013.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"608","article-title":"Tazarotene 0.045% Lotion for Moderate\u2010to\u2010Severe Acne Patients: Pooled Phase 3 Analysis by Age and Sex","volume":"20","author":"Green L. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00892.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008703200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","unstructured":"Hasegawa K. Y.Yokogawa K.Umishio andN.Maeda. nd. \u201cAgent Useful in Skin External Preparation e.g. Milky Lotion for Improving Fairness of Skin and for Preventing and Treating Age Spots Freckles Chloasma and Sunburn Contains Specific Hydroquinone Derivative as Main Ingredient.\u201d JP2005002050\u2010A."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12539-016-0171-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9MD00005D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/334345a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00787.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2010.22.1.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi200395t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/348546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200310000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2740707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12247-022-09657-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS210914042J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.2020.4663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0218-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202939200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.93120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.2020.5457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx980114c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2009.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1846546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201704410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2015.1004058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-012-1192-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0707463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113744"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010Catenin Signaling Pathway in Skin Carcinogenesis and Therapy","volume":"2015","author":"Li J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b01874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2047-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"Effect of Melanin Produced by a Recombinant Escherichia coli on Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotics","volume":"38","author":"Lin W.\u2010P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection\u2009=\u2009Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.10.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2012.00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1062936X.2022.2064547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2014.907789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280211072155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2018.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91555-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.01.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1850-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2020.1740691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2003.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01670.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5814.2003.00268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050715i"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-8703-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12684"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12626"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2016.1256882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2006_3314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-019-00471-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2007.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0749.2003.00100.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12020775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01364-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S80713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01963-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2020.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1800579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4297-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020826f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2017019558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CBI20110103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2011.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2017.67070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(06)90007-8","article-title":"Immunity to Melanoma Antigens: From Self\u2010Tolerance to Immunotherapy","volume":"90","author":"Slingluff C. L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.842496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10125326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12340980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2006.00334.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11010094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-9335-00423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1077681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.51.798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc300549s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.133707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000454718"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709014200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b04249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546630903341945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(97)00186-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201601659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.129234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2006.00313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-014-0929-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_201_1","unstructured":"Xie K. H.Liu Y.Zhang C.Wu andR.Tang. nd. \u201cTransparent Whitening Essence Containing 4\u2010butyl Hydroxyphenol Comprises Water Thickening Agent Humectant Preservative Solubilizer Fat Liquoring Agent and 4\u2010Butyl resorcinol.\u201d CN113081903\u2010A."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-011-1011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-200105000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b00594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC04714J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_210_1","unstructured":"Zhao X. Y.Han D.Sun et al. nd. \u201cArbutin Liquid\u2010Solid Compressed Tablet With Improved Bioavailability Is Prepared by Taking Ursolic Acid 1 2\u2010propylene Glycol Microcrystalline Cellulose Silica Gel and Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch and Pressing Into Solid\u2010liquid Compression.\u201d CN102949363\u2010A."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14662"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_214_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tazarotene Lotion 0.045% for the Treatment of Acne","volume":"27","author":"Zip C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Letter"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2018.1545767"}],"container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.70113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:56:36Z","timestamp":1760388996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ddr.70113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":214,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ddr.70113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.70113","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70113"}}