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Unlike traditional 2D cell cultures or animal models, organoids closely resemble the complex architecture and function of human tissues, offering more accurate predictions of drug responses. Researchers are increasingly utilizing these models in oncology, neurology, liver toxicity, and personalized medicine. Recent advances in gene editing (e.g., CRISPR\u2010Cas9), multi\u2010omics technologies, and organoid\u2010on\u2010chip systems have further enhanced the capabilities of organoids in drug discovery. CRISPR\u2010Cas9 allows for precise modeling of genetic disorders, while multi\u2010omics approaches integrate transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to provide deeper insights into drug metabolism and toxicity. Organoid\u2010on\u2010chip platforms combine organoid culture with microfluidic systems, enabling the simulation of organ interactions and real\u2010time drug testing. AI and machine learning models now enhance these platforms by predicting drug responses and optimizing high\u2010throughput screening. Despite these advancements, challenges such as scalability, reproducibility, and the incomplete recapitulation of complex organ functions remain. Organoids hold the promise of significantly reducing reliance on animal models, improving the accuracy of drug testing, and paving the way for personalized treatments. This review outlines the latest innovations in organoid\u2010based drug discovery, highlighting their potential to transform modern pharmacology and precision medicine, while acknowledging the ongoing efforts to address existing limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T10:25:47Z","timestamp":1750069547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Advancements in Organoid\u2010Based Drug Discovery: Revolutionizing Precision Medicine and Pharmacology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2176-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CT University Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3937-5761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CT University Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Rakesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CT University Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7585-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CT University Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-024-10805-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Towards Personalised Cystic Fibrosis Medicine: Functional Characterisation and Targeted Therapies for Rare CFTR Mutations Using Patient\u2010Derived Organoids","author":"Allan K. 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