{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:32:57Z","timestamp":1792708377120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Astragaloside IV (AS\u2010IV), a natural compound from traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated anti\u2010tumor properties. This study aims to explore its potential to enhance anti\u2010mPD\u2010L1 immunotherapy in triple\u2010negative breast cancer (TNBC) by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining analyses were employed to evaluate the influence of AS\u2010IV on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and DNA damage (phospho\u2010\u03b3H2AX staining). The antitumor effects of AS\u2010IV, anti\u2010mPD\u2010L1, or their combination were further investigated using a 4T1 murine breast cancer model. Immune cell infiltration within the tumor tissue was assessed by flow cytometry. AS\u2010IV significantly triggered apoptosis, G0\u2010G1 cell cycle arrest, as well as induced DNA damage and activation of the cGAS\u2010STING pathway in MDA\u2010MB\u2010231 and 4T1 cells. Interestingly, AS\u2010IV notably elevated PD\u2010L1 levels both in two TNBC cells. In vivo experiments indicated that AS\u2010IV treatment notably suppressed tumor growth and triggered tumor cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, AS\u2010IV enhanced anti\u2010tumor efficacy of anti\u2010mPD\u2010L1 on 4T1 murine model, as evidenced by increased infiltration of CD8\u207aT cells and elevated secretion of IFN\u2010\u03b2, CCL5, and CXCL10. AS\u2010IV remodeled the tumor immune microenvironment and induced PD\u2010L1 upregulation, thereby potentiating the efficacy of anti\u2010mPD\u2010L1 immunotherapy. These findings suggest that AS\u2010IV may serve as a promising immunomodulatory adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy for TNBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:42:36Z","timestamp":1778647356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Astragaloside IV Enhances Anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 Immunotherapy in Triple\u2010Negative Breast Cancer by Activating the cGAS\u2010STING Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chuanchao","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan\u2010Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Institute of 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