{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:01:10Z","timestamp":1790776870480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":233,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) plaques and tau (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) \u2010related neurofibrillary tangles, often exacerbated by dysfunctional cellular clearance mechanisms. This manuscript explores the pivotal role of autophagy impairment in AD pathogenesis, with a specific focus on the AMPK\/mTOR signaling axis as a primary regulatory pathway. Findings revealed that while mTOR overactivation suppresses autophagic flux and promotes the buildup of toxic protein aggregates, the activation of AMPK serves to restore homeostatic degradation processes. The review highlights that various pharmacological agent including rapamycin, metformin, trehalose, and curcumin, as well as repurposed drugs like lithium and statins can effectively enhance autophagy to ameliorate cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, herbal formulations such as Danggui Shaoyao San and phytoconstituents like Icariin demonstrate significant neuroprotective potential by modulating these same molecular pathways. Targeting autophagy represents a translationally viable approach for combating AD progression, with drug repurposing offering a time\u2010efficient and cost\u2010effective strategy. To advance these findings, future research should prioritize large\u2010scale clinical trials to validate the efficacy of autophagy\u2010inducing agents in human subjects. Additionally, investigating synergistic combinations of traditional bioactives with synthetic drugs and utilizing innovative delivery systems, such as intranasal nanotechnology\u2010based platforms to bypass the blood\u2010brain barrier, represents a promising frontier for developing effective, multi\u2010targeted treatments against AD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:40:30Z","timestamp":1783514430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease: Role of the AMPK\/mTOR Pathway and Drug Repurposing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5477-4300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayush","family":"Dubey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR\u2010CDRI) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2655-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayush","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2433-4084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3310-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR\u2010CDRI) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isha","family":"Saraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Varisha Lifesciences Private Limited, Brijraj Sadan, Shiv Colony Gwalior Madhya Pradesh India"},{"name":"Varisha Pharmaceutical Reverse Engineering Private Limited, Innovation Hub, Center for Advanced Studies Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushil","family":"Kashaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University) Sagar Madhya Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6291-3807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajan","family":"Swami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitkara COLLege of Pharmacy Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0636-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Kushwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR\u2010CDRI) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2019.85929"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16101370"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2026.102626"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12030251"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c01526"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-102985-5.00003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8020030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2022.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2025.2506292"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00338"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","volume-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","author":"Amadoro G.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-024-00845-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2021.5263"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24895"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","volume-title":"Molecules","author":"Angelova V. T.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091214"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0284-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2015.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00204"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2020-0449"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1728095"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-120178"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3068"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245789"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197337"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091353"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-231249"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S75717"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulcan.2020.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3606"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-190104"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Alzheimer's Disease and Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies","author":"Chauhan B.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2019.4198"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1478199"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00761-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109670"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12801"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04588-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00122"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1409142"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499335"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065367"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09742"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.19048"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-1950-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140564"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","volume-title":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics","author":"Eshraghi M.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8110715"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.705581"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCELL.2024.1520949\/TEXT"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.11.1756"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cn5000309"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitag K. N.Sterczyk andB.Obermayer et al.2021. The Autophagy Activator Spermidine Reduces Neuroinflammation and Soluble Amyloid Beta in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.10.28.466219.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.10.28.466219"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10030705"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/260161"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.47470"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121910"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gholami M. H.Jamaati M.Motaghinejad andL.Ulloa. Possible Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy on Mediation of Tramadol Induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Hippocampus.2023b.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2684585\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2684585\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08641-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25246018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040752"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12752"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1015835"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.109442"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S429440"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S429440"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0754-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111814"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00973-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4331\/wjbc.v12.i6.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14473"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2019.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Drug Delivery","author":"Karthivashan G.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201816666191029122740"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12040311"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12245"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40883-024-00340-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16944"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7201-2_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.85814"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18040486"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2018.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1334-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025924"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00229"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/NU17172884"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI73938"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0386-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666220830105350"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160114"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-019-00313-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.755665"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29010274"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.111030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2102046"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X24500101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01633"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083914"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201302771"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00395"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1596488"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_121_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"NVP\u2010BEZ235\u2010Induced Autophagy as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Myeloma","volume":"11","author":"Ma Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-017-2199-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-023-01307-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251344188"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2015.1089956"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx236"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5998"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cn500056q"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24183372"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2015.1092619"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1347-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_135_1","volume-title":"Pharmaceutics","author":"Nunes D.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081742"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160620"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_141_1","unstructured":"Patel A. V. andB. N.Shah. Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Review [Internet].http:\/\/www.pharmasm.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104593"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3774-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31031\/GGS.2020.06.000626"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0214-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01803-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0292-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201303671"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-019-0389-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170322"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21030264"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00428-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_154_1","unstructured":"Rabiee N. S.Ahmadi R.Afshari S.Khalaji andM.Rabiee. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Nasal Drug Delivery to the Brain: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease [Internet].https:\/\/epublications.marquette.edu\/dentistry_fac."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2024.111879"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200107142541"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08243-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220666"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-022-02209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4342-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010150"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-021-02096-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_164_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Nasal Drug Delivery for Memantine Hydrochloride","author":"Ruby Joseph J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Article in International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010864"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_167_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of Rivastigmine Transdermal Patch Based on Chitosan Microparticles","author":"Sadeghi M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050753"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0356-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05137-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws143"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87966-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30238-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010196"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28675"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PH19050685"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142340"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44051"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0129-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-151200"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-015-0054-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2020.1791843"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01695-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009979"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01165"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1094351"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2020.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13071046"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2020.100750"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jrptps.JRPTPS_59_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108297"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140495"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.12.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27588"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12763"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hsr.2023.100075"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105331"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03448-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190562"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4134"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.06.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-017-0549-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13333"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13333"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01529"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.114966"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12169"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109975"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2024.1366061\/FULL"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02390-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103035"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS17081041"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173612"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5592"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.446385"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0361-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9088-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.898679"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CTM2.70548"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00047"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c01155"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4606"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1878238"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2868-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08629"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.015"}],"container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.70344","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ddr.70344","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddr.70344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:35:18Z","timestamp":1790775318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ddr.70344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":233,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ddr.70344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.70344","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4391","1098-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70344"}}