{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:51:31Z","timestamp":1791539491244,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. The liver is the primary organ for cholesterol production and metabolism in the body. Abnormal cholesterol levels can promote the initiation and progression of liver cancer, as well as influence treatment and patient prognosis. Damulin A and damulin B, a pair of isomeric dammarane\u2010type saponins isolated from heat\u2010treated\n                    <jats:italic>Gynostemma pentaphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , have been shown to inhibit HCC cell proliferation and migration, arrest the cell cycle at the G0\/G1 phase, induce apoptosis, and reduce intracellular cholesterol levels in vitro. Damulin B exhibited more potent effects in these assays. RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis revealed that both compounds downregulate the expression of key cholesterol biosynthesis\u2010related genes, namely isopentenyl\u2010diphosphate delta isomerase 1 (IDI1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (GGPS1). However, damulin A uniquely increased the expression of other cholesterol pathway genes: farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), farnesyl\u2010diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), and lanosterol synthase (LSS). These findings indicate that damulin A and damulin B regulate intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis through distinct mechanisms, which may account for their differential inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:13:32Z","timestamp":1789629212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gypenosides Damulin A and Damulin B Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating Cholesterol Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Fang\u2010Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Minzu University of China Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8872-5483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Minzu University of China Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou\u2010Juan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Minzu University of China Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man\u2010Yu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibody and Drug Research Biocytogen (Beijing) Pharmaceutical Technology Co. 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