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A qualitative assessment of spontaneous general movements (GMs) in the preterm, term, and young infant at risk is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation (Prechtl [1990] Early Hum. Dev. 23:151\u2013158). The aim of this review is to describe the theoretical and clinical bases for the assessment of GMs and its relationship to developmental delay and brain dysfunction. Thirty\u2010seven studies related to the predictive validity of GMs were included in this review. Results suggested that consistent cramped synchronized GMs are highly predictive of later development of cerebral palsy. The fidgety movement quality that appears at the age of 2 to 3 months was found to be a most sensitive predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome in different populations of infants. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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