{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:22:06Z","timestamp":1792066926741,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,3]],"date-time":"2009-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":245,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Disabil Res Revs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historically, alcohol has been used for different purposes including as a part of religious observances, as a food, at times as a medicine and its well\u2010known use as a beverage. Until relatively recently these purposes have not changed and have at times been at odds with one another, resulting in collisions among policies and practices in science, medicine, public policy and the law. One area in which this has been particularly true is that of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) where the adverse consequences of consumed alcohol on children in the womb and after birth may have been observed since antiquity, but the actions taken based on such observations have been influenced as much by the socio\/cultural\/political context of the times in which they were made as by evidence of harm. This article provides an overview of the inherent confusion when new scientific findings confront prevailing medical practice, the history involved in this confusion with respect to FASD, including public policy and legal issues that have arisen around alcohol and pregnancy, and the research and clinical challenges still being faced. Published 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:170\u2013175.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.71","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,3]],"date-time":"2009-09-03T19:09:31Z","timestamp":1252004971000},"page":"170-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: When science, medicine, public policy, and laws collide"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda G.","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.6.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/36.5.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/36.2.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00308-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.3.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1985.tb05284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)55679-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197805112981906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1966.27.669","article-title":"Beer street\u2014Gin lane\u2014some views of 18th\u2010century drinking","volume":"27","author":"Coffey T","year":"1966","journal-title":"Quart J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Surgeon genera's advisory on alcohol and pregnancy","author":"FDA Drug Bulletin","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"An enquiry into the causes of the late increase of robbers, etc.: with some proposals for remedying this growing evil","author":"Fielding H","year":"1751"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2008.028662"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Alcohol explored","author":"Haggard HW","year":"1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80156-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90555-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91291-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02088.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"e2","article-title":"The history of alcoholic fetopathies (1997)","volume":"1","author":"Lemoine P","year":"2003","journal-title":"J FAS Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"830","article-title":"Children of alcoholic parents\u2014anomalies in 127 cases","volume":"25","author":"Lemoine P","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Francaises De Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200304000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"NIAAA and alcohol research: a researcher's view\u2014National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Perspectives on current research","volume":"12","author":"Lieber C","year":"1988","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/7.2.117","article-title":"The influence of alcohol on the fertility of white rats","volume":"7","author":"MacDowell EC","year":"1922","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.3.9.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"The anatomy of drunkenness","author":"MacNish R","year":"1835"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Observation on the past growth and present state of the city of London","author":"Morris C","year":"1751"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.245.12.1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1400260107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.45.190.489"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197009000-00159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation US Department of Health and Human Services.1980.Report to the president and congress on health hazards associated with alcohol and methods to inform the general public of these hazards. Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Surgeon general's advisory on alcohol and pregnancy","author":"US Surgeon General","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alcohol in human history","volume":"71","author":"Vallee BL","year":"1994","journal-title":"EXS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0698-80"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Varma SK","year":"1981","journal-title":"Prog Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1975.36.1395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Alcohol\u2010related birth defects\u2014the past, present, and future","volume":"25","author":"Warren KR","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"}],"container-title":["Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fddrr.71","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ddrr.71","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T04:53:02Z","timestamp":1694494382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ddrr.71"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ddrr.71"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddrr.71","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-5510","1940-5529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-5510","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-5529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}