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Individuals with KS also exhibit a cognitive\/behavioral phenotype characterized by language and language\u2010based learning disabilities and executive and attentional dysfunction in the setting of normal general intelligence. The underlying neurobiologic mechanisms are just now beginning to be elucidated through structural and functional neuroimaging. Here, we review the literature of structural and functional neural findings in KS identified by neuroimaging and present preliminary results from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study examining brain activity during a verb generation task in KS. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc. 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