{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:56:05Z","timestamp":1780624565083,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DEN Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pharynx has no muscularis mucosae, so it is unclear whether diagnostic techniques used for the esophagus can be applied to the pharynx. This study investigated the usefulness of magnifying endoscopy with narrowband imaging using the Japan Esophageal Society (JES) classification for predicting the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in pharyngeal cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 123 superficial pharyngeal carcinoma lesions that had been observed preoperatively with magnifying endoscopy with narrowband imaging between January 2014 and June 2021 were analyzed. Predictors of subepithelial invasion (SEP) and LNM were sought based on endoscopic findings, including microvascular morphology, using the JES classification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lesions were divided into carcinoma in situ (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a041) and SEP (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a082). Multivariate analysis identified B2\u2013B3 vessels (odds ratio [OR] 6.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74\u201324.61, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005) and a middle\/large avascular area (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.18\u201314.62, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027) as independent predictors of SEP. Significant predictors of LNM were protruding type, B2\u2013B3 vessels, middle\/large avascular area, SEP, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and tumor thickness\u00a0&gt;\u00a01000\u00a0\u03bcm. Median tumor thickness increased significantly in the order of B1\u00a0&lt;\u00a0B2\u00a0&lt;\u00a0B3 vessels (B1, 305\u00a0\u03bcm; B2, 1045\u00a0\u03bcm; B3, 4043\u00a0\u03bcm; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The LNM rates for B1, B2, and B3 vessels were 1.6% (1\/63), 4.8% (2\/42), and 55.6% (10\/18), respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnifying endoscopy with narrowband imaging using the JES classification could predict the depth of invasion in superficial pharyngeal carcinoma. The JES classification may contribute to the prediction of LNM, suggesting that it could serve as an alternative to tumor thickness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T06:19:58Z","timestamp":1657693198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prediction of depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis in superficial pharyngeal cancer by magnifying endoscopy using the Japan Esophageal Society classification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayato","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo 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