{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:20:28Z","timestamp":1790972428738,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DEN Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The introduction of artificial intelligence into the medical field has improved the diagnostic capabilities of physicians. However, few studies have analyzed the economic impact of employing artificial intelligence technologies in the clinical environment. This study evaluated the cost\u2010effectiveness of a computer\u2010assisted diagnosis (CADx) system designed to support clinicians in differentiating early gastric cancers from non\u2010cancerous lesions in Japan, where the universal health insurance system was introduced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The target population to be used for the CADx was estimated as those with moderate to severe gastritis caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. Decision trees with Markov models were built to analyze the cumulative cost\u2010effectiveness of using CADx relative to the pre\u2010artificial intelligence status quo, a condition reconstructed from data in published reports. After conducting a base\u2010case analysis, we performed sensitivity analyses by modifying several parameters. The primary outcome was the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the status quo as represented in the base\u2010case analysis, the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio of CADx in the Japanese market was forecasted to be 11,093 USD per quality\u2010adjusted life year. The sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the expected incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratios were within the willingness\u2010to\u2010pay threshold of 50,000 USD per quality\u2010adjusted life year when the cost of the CAD was less than 104 USD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using CADx for EGCs may decrease their misdiagnosis, contributing to improved cost\u2010effectiveness in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1693224745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness analysis of the artificial intelligence diagnosis support system for early gastric cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Shion","family":"Yonazu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"AI Medical Service Inc.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0055-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Medical Service Inc.  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Tada Tomohiro Institute of Gastroenterology and Proctology  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamiji","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Medical Service Inc.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Medical Service Inc.  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Medical Service Inc.  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Tada Tomohiro Institute of Gastroenterology and Proctology  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Medical Service Inc.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Tajiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Interventional Endoscopy Research The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7221-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Medical Service Inc.  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Tada Tomohiro Institute of Gastroenterology and Proctology  Saitama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyn017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0655-7382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-018-0793-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14455"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000368807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.National database of Japan [Internet]. Accessed July 1 2023. Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/seisakunitsuite\/bunya\/0000177221_00010.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"442","article-title":"Difference in accuracy between gastroscopy and colonoscopy for detection of cancer","volume":"54","author":"Hosokawa O","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.Japanese cancer registry [Internet]. Accessed July 1 2023. Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/10900000\/000942181.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyw106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.Hospital\u2010based cancer registries [Internet]. Accessed July 1 2023. Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/10900000\/000942181.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01729-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S151946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06813-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.03.3759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14532"}],"container-title":["DEN Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/deo2.289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:48:58Z","timestamp":1755067738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/deo2.289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/deo2.289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/deo2.289","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2692-4609","2692-4609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2692-4609","type":"print"},{"value":"2692-4609","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e289"}}