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In high\u2010risk surgical patients, such as those with advanced age, deteriorated performance status, or underlying diseases, conservative treatment is typically preferred to manage acute cholecystitis. However, in patients with a disease that is refractory to conservative treatment, drainage procedures are necessary to control the infection. At present, there are three basic approaches for gallbladder drainage: percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage, and endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the appropriate treatment method is determined on a case\u2010by\u2010case basis, and no consistent strategy for gallbladder drainage has been established. This review aimed to summarize the characteristics of each drainage method and compare the clinical outcomes of the three procedures for acute cholecystitis in high\u2010risk surgical patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T09:24:01Z","timestamp":1746523441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endoscopic management of acute cholecystitis in high\u2010risk surgical patients: A comprehensive review article"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2166-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinori","family":"Maruta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center  Gifu 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