{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:15:59Z","timestamp":1766157359404},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,6]],"date-time":"2009-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined effects from a specific dopamine receptor gene (DRD4), environmental influences from parents and peers, and the interaction between them, on aggressive and prosocial behaviors of preschoolers. Children were classified as DRD4\u2010L (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927) if they had at least one DRD4 allele with six to eight repeats and as DRD4\u2010S (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935) if not. Parent\u2013child interactions were coded when children were 3\u20134 years old. Peer interaction data and parent questionnaires were collected at age 5. DRD4\u2010L children shared less with each other and parents were less sensitive during parent\u2013twin triadic interactions. Also, genotype interacted with peer aggression to affect children's aggression during a peer play interaction at age 5, and genotype interacted with prior parental sensitivity to affect later externalizing problems. Thus, children having a certain genetic disposition may be more sensitive to certain environmental stimuli and therefore more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors under more stressful circumstances. \u00a9 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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