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The authors examined two well\u2010documented biological markers of stress vulnerability [resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone] in a group of adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200938; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> age\u2009=\u200914.47) and their age\u2010matched non\u2010maltreated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> age\u2009=\u200914.00) peers. Maltreated females exhibited greater relative right frontal EEG activity and lower cardiac vagal tone than controls over a 6\u2010month period. In addition, frontal EEG asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone remained stable in the maltreated group across the 6 months, suggesting that the neurobiological correlates of maltreatment may not simply reflect dynamic, short\u2010term changes but more long lasting alterations. The present findings appear to be the first to demonstrate stability of two biologically based stress\u2010vulnerability measures in a maltreated population. Findings are discussed in terms of plasticity within the neural circuits of emotion regulation during the early childhood period and alternative causal models of developmental psychopathology. \u00a9 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 474\u2013487, 2009<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,23]],"date-time":"2009-07-23T15:46:28Z","timestamp":1248363988000},"page":"474-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Miskovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katholiki","family":"Georgiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet L.","family":"MacMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2003.00149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2006.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Resting and reactive frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) among a non\u2010clinical sample of socially anxious adults: Does concurrent depressive mood matter?","volume":"4","author":"Beaton E. 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