{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:33:49Z","timestamp":1774582429953,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]],"date-time":"2009-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A film paradigm was developed to examine baseline and emotion modulated startle across a broad age range from preschool to adulthood. The paradigm was tested in children (3\u2010, 5\u2010, 7\u2010, and 9\u2010year\u2010olds) and adults (total <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009122). The paradigm elicited a similar startle potentiation pattern across age groups; however, baseline startle changed with age: 3\u2010 and 5\u2010year\u2010olds showed lower response probability and magnitude of baseline startle than adults. Females exhibited larger baseline startle response probability and overall magnitude than did males; however, no sex by emotion modulated startle interaction was noted. Anxiety measures were obtained for all children. Individual differences in anxiety were associated with baseline startle magnitude among older but not younger children. No association of anxiety with startle potentiation was noted. Overall the film paradigm was applicable across a wide developmental span, revealing potential developmental and gender differences in baseline startle magnitude and response probability. \u00a9 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 78\u201389, 2010<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]],"date-time":"2009-12-21T16:19:00Z","timestamp":1261412340000},"page":"78-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The startle response: Developmental effects and a paradigm for children and adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Quevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonny","family":"Donzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Schunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Gunnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2307\/1131188","article-title":"Affective influences on startle in five\u2010month\u2010old infants: Reactions to facial expressions of emotion","volume":"66","author":"Balaban M. T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420220203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499791.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes","author":"Balaban M. T.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2006.00380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(87)90022-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.1.3.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511665523.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"S25","article-title":"Affective modulation of startle in children","volume":"32","author":"Cook E. W.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(95)00059-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.61.8.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90102-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-06-00791.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2002.14.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195538"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.37.3.404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01665-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90040-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00188-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(99)00002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"International affective picture system (IAPS): Instruction manual and affective ratings (Tech. Rep. No. A\u20104)","author":"Lang P. J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3820222"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"S53","article-title":"Kids have feelings too: Children's physiological responses to affective pictures","volume":"33","author":"McManis M. H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Kid's cortical ERP's: Emotion and attention in picture processing","volume":"34","author":"McManis M. H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00200-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1991.tb03381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02855.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Behavior assessment system for children; behavioral assessment of children","author":"Reynolds C. R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2302(199803)32:2<113::AID-DEV4>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-007-9062-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.11.1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90548-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025406071903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00255-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00565-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90716-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091358"}],"container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdev.20415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dev.20415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T04:36:49Z","timestamp":1700541409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dev.20415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dev.20415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.20415","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1630","1098-2302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1630","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2302","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,21]]}}}