{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T18:47:23Z","timestamp":1768070843313,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Prenatal exposure to stress and morphine has complicated effects on epileptic seizure. Many reports have shown an interaction between morphine\u2010 and stress\u2010induced behavioral changes in adult rats. In the present study, effect of prenatal forced\u2010swim stress and morphine co\u2010administration on pentylentetrazole (PTZ)\u2010induced epileptic behaviors was investigated in rat offspring to address effect of the interaction between morphine and stress. Pregnant rats were divided to four groups of control\u2010saline, control\u2010morphine, stressed\u2010saline and stressed\u2010morphine. In the stressed group, the rats were placed in 25\u00b0C water on 17\u201319 days of pregnancy. In the morphine\/saline group, the rats received morphine\/saline on the same days. In the morphine\/saline\u2010stressed group, they were exposed to stress and received morphine\/saline simultaneously. On postnatal day 15 (P15), blood samples were collected to determine corticosterone (COS) level. On P15 and P25, PTZ was injected to the rest of pups to induce seizure. Then, epileptic behaviors of each rat were individually observed. Latency of tonic\u2013colonic seizures decreased in control\u2010morphine and stressed\u2010saline groups while increasing in stressed\u2010morphine rats compared to control\u2010saline group on P15. Duration of tonic\u2013colonic seizures significantly increased in control\u2010morphine and stressed\u2010saline rats compared to stressed\u2010morphine and control\u2010saline rats on P15, but not P25. COS levels increased in stressed\u2010saline group but decreased in control\u2010morphine group compared to control\u2010saline rats. Body weight was significantly higher in morphine groups than saline treated rats. Prenatal exposure to forced\u2010swim stress potentiated PTZ\u2010induced seizure in the offspring rats. Co\u2010administration of morphine attenuated effect of stress on body weight, COS levels, and epileptic behaviors. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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